वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-68, verse-18

तां दृष्ट्वा शोकसंतप्तां वज्रपाणिर्यशस्विनीम् ।
इन्द्रः प्राञ्जलिरुद्विग्नः सुरराजो ऽब्रवीद्वचः ॥१८॥

18. tāṃ dṛṣṭvā śokasaṃtaptāṃ vajrapāṇiryaśasvinīm ,
indraḥ prāñjalirudvignaḥ surarājo'bravīdvacaḥ.

18. tām dṛṣṭvā śokasaṃtaptām vajrapāṇiḥ yaśasvinīm
indraḥ prāñjaliḥ udvignaḥ surarājaḥ abravīt vacaḥ

18. vajrapāṇiḥ yaśasvinīm śokasaṃtaptām tām dṛṣṭvā
prāñjaliḥ udvignaḥ surarājaḥ indraḥ vacaḥ abravīt

18. Seeing her, glorious and tormented by grief, Indra, the bearer of the thunderbolt (Vajrapani) and king of gods, became agitated and, with folded hands, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Surabhi (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• शोकसंतप्ताम् (śokasaṁtaptām) - tormented by grief, distressed by sorrow

• वज्रपाणिः (vajrapāṇiḥ) - Indra, as the wielder of the thunderbolt (Vajrapani (bearer of the thunderbolt), Indra)

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious, famous, illustrious (feminine accusative singular)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of the king of gods)

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands, reverent

• उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - agitated, distressed, disturbed

• सुरराजः (surarājaḥ) - king of gods, Indra

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, said

• वचः (vacaḥ) - these words (word, speech, statement)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Surabhi (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā, referring to Surabhi.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शोकसंतप्ताम् (śokasaṁtaptām) - tormented by grief, distressed by sorrow

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - tormented by grief, distressed by sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• saṃtapta – tormented, distressed, heated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam + root tap (to heat, suffer)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tām and yaśasvinīm.

वज्रपाणिः (vajrapāṇiḥ) - Indra, as the wielder of the thunderbolt (Vajrapani (bearer of the thunderbolt), Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajrapāṇin

vajrapāṇin - bearer of the thunderbolt, Vajrapani (Indra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vajra+pāṇi)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Indra.

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious, famous, illustrious (feminine accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, illustrious, possessing fame

from yaśas (fame) + vin (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with tām and śokasaṃtaptām.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of the king of gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, king of the gods

Note: Subject of the verb abravīt.

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands, reverent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands (as a gesture of respect), reverent

from pra + añjali (folded hands)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forth, forward, before (prefix)
  indeclinable
• añjali – folded hands, cupped hands (for offering or reverence)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with indraḥ.

उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - agitated, distressed, disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, distressed, disturbed, uneasy

Past Passive Participle

from ut + root vij (to tremble, be agitated)

Prefix: ut

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Agrees with indraḥ.

सुरराजः (surarājaḥ) - king of gods, Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of surarāja

surarāja - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+rāja)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with indraḥ.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

Aorist/Imperfect form of brū, often used for past narrative.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is indraḥ.

वचः (vacaḥ) - these words (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb abravīt.