वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-68, verse-17

अधस्ताद्व्रजतस्तस्याः सुरराज्ञो महात्मनः ।
बिन्दवः पतिता गात्रे सूक्ष्माः सुरभिगन्धिनः ॥१७॥

17. adhastādvrajatastasyāḥ surarājño mahātmanaḥ ,
bindavaḥ patitā gātre sūkṣmāḥ surabhigandhinaḥ.

17. adhastāt vrajataḥ tasyāḥ surarājñaḥ mahātmanaḥ
bindavaḥ patitāḥ gātre sūkṣmāḥ surabhigandhinaḥ

17. tasyāḥ adhastāt vrajataḥ surarājñaḥ mahātmanaḥ
gātre sūkṣmāḥ surabhigandhinaḥ bindavaḥ patitāḥ

17. As the great-souled king of gods (Indra) was passing beneath her, subtle, fragrant drops fell upon his body.

Words meanings summery:

• अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - below, underneath, downwards

• व्रजतः (vrajataḥ) - passing by (beneath) (going, moving, passing (genitive singular))

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of Surabhi (her, of her)

• सुरराज्ञः (surarājñaḥ) - of Indra, the king of gods (of the king of gods, of Indra)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble-minded

• बिन्दवः (bindavaḥ) - tear drops (drops)

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, dropped

• गात्रे (gātre) - on Indra's body (on the body, in the limb)

• सूक्ष्माः (sūkṣmāḥ) - subtle, fine, minute

• सुरभिगन्धिनः (surabhigandhinaḥ) - fragrant, smelling of Surabhi, having a pleasant scent

Words meanings and morphology

अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - below, underneath, downwards

(indeclinable)

derived from adhas (below) + tāt suffix

व्रजतः (vrajataḥ) - passing by (beneath) (going, moving, passing (genitive singular))

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vrajat

vrajat - going, moving, passing

Present Active Participle

from root vraj (to go, move)

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with surarājñaḥ and mahātmanaḥ.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of Surabhi (her, of her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Surabhi. It modifies adhastāt in the sense 'beneath her'.

सुरराज्ञः (surarājñaḥ) - of Indra, the king of gods (of the king of gods, of Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of surarājan

surarājan - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+rājan)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Indra.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the noble-minded

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, magnanimous (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with surarājñaḥ.

बिन्दवः (bindavaḥ) - tear drops (drops)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bindu

bindu - drop, point

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fallen, dropped

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bindavaḥ.

गात्रे (gātre) - on Indra's body (on the body, in the limb)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gātra

gātra - body, limb

Note: Indicates location 'on the body'.

सूक्ष्माः (sūkṣmāḥ) - subtle, fine, minute

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, fine, minute, small

from root śuc (to be pure, shining) + suffix s-ma

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bindavaḥ.

सुरभिगन्धिनः (surabhigandhinaḥ) - fragrant, smelling of Surabhi, having a pleasant scent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of surabhigandhin

surabhigandhin - fragrant, smelling of Surabhi, having a pleasant scent

having the fragrance of Surabhi

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (surabhi+gandha+in)

• surabhi – fragrance, pleasant odor, Surabhi (the cow)
  noun (feminine)
• gandha – smell, fragrance, odor
  noun (masculine)
• in – possessing, having (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix forming adjectives

Note: Agrees with bindavaḥ.