वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-57

तथा तु दीनं कथयन्नराधिपः प्रियस्य पुत्रस्य विवासनातुरः ।
गते ऽर्धरात्रे भृशदुःखपीडितस्तदा जहौ प्राणमुदारदर्शनः ॥५७॥

57. tathā tu dīnaṃ kathayannarādhipaḥ priyasya putrasya vivāsanāturaḥ ,
gate'rdharātre bhṛśaduḥkhapīḍitastadā jahau prāṇamudāradarśanaḥ.

57. tathā tu dīnam kathayan narādhipaḥ
priyasya putrasya vivāsana-āturaḥ
gate ardharātre bhṛśa-duḥkha-pīḍitaḥ
tadā jahau prāṇam udāra-darśanaḥ

57. tathā tu narādhipaḥ vivāsana-āturaḥ
priyasya putrasya dīnam kathayan
ardharātre gate bhṛśa-duḥkha-pīḍitaḥ
tadā udāra-darśanaḥ prāṇam jahau

57. Thus, indeed, the king, distressed by the exile of his beloved son and speaking piteously, when midnight had passed, severely afflicted by sorrow, then gave up his life, the noble-minded one.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तु (tu) - emphasizing 'thus' (indeed, but, however, on the other hand)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - piteously, miserably, sadly

• कथयन् (kathayan) - speaking, telling, narrating

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, lord of men

• प्रियस्य (priyasya) - of the dear one, of the beloved

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

• विवासन-आतुरः (vivāsana-āturaḥ) - distressed by banishment/exile

• गते (gate) - when it had passed (having gone, having passed)

• अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight, in the middle of the night

• भृश-दुःख-पीडितः (bhṛśa-duḥkha-pīḍitaḥ) - severely afflicted by sorrow, deeply tormented by pain

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• जहौ (jahau) - gave up, abandoned, renounced

• प्राणम् (prāṇam) - life, breath, vital air

• उदार-दर्शनः (udāra-darśanaḥ) - of noble appearance/vision, noble-minded

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - emphasizing 'thus' (indeed, but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphasizing particle.

दीनम् (dīnam) - piteously, miserably, sadly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīna

dīna - pitiful, miserable, sad, wretched

From root dā (to divide, cut) or dī (to waste, languish)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used adverbially to qualify 'kathayan'.

कथयन् (kathayan) - speaking, telling, narrating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathayat

kathayat - speaking, telling, narrating

Present Active Participle

From root kath (to tell, speak), causative of kṛt

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Agrees with narādhipaḥ.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, lord of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to King Daśaratha.

प्रियस्य (priyasya) - of the dear one, of the beloved

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, favorite

Note: Agrees with putrasya.

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Refers to Rama.

विवासन-आतुरः (vivāsana-āturaḥ) - distressed by banishment/exile

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivāsana-ātura

vivāsana-ātura - distressed by exile or banishment

Compound type : tatpurusha (vivāsana+ātura)

• vivāsana – banishment, exile, expulsion
  noun (neuter)
  From root vas with vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vas (class 4)
• ātura – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  From root at (to go constantly) or a-tury
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Agrees with narādhipaḥ.

गते (gate) - when it had passed (having gone, having passed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, departed

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'ardharātre'.

अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight, in the middle of the night

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardharātra

ardharātra - midnight, middle of the night

Compound type : tatpurusha (ardha+rātra)

• ardha – half
  adjective (masculine)
• rātra – night
  noun (masculine)
  From rātri (night)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'gate'.

भृश-दुःख-पीडितः (bhṛśa-duḥkha-pīḍitaḥ) - severely afflicted by sorrow, deeply tormented by pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśa-duḥkha-pīḍita

bhṛśa-duḥkha-pīḍita - severely tormented by pain/sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛśa+duḥkha+pīḍita)

• bhṛśa – intense, severe, excessive
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pīḍ (to oppress, torment)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with narādhipaḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

जहौ (jahau) - gave up, abandoned, renounced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of hā

perfect active

Reduplicated perfect of root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

प्राणम् (prāṇam) - life, breath, vital air

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, spirit

From root an (to breathe) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of jahau.

उदार-दर्शनः (udāra-darśanaḥ) - of noble appearance/vision, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāra-darśana

udāra-darśana - of noble appearance, noble-minded, having an exalted vision

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udāra+darśana)

• udāra – noble, exalted, generous
  adjective (masculine)
• darśana – sight, vision, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with narādhipaḥ.

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