वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-3, verse-8

अथ तत्र समासीनास्तदा दशरथं नृपम् ।
प्राच्योदीच्याः प्रतीच्याश्च दाक्षिणात्याश्च भूमिपाः ॥८॥

8. atha tatra samāsīnāstadā daśarathaṃ nṛpam ,
prācyodīcyāḥ pratīcyāśca dākṣiṇātyāśca bhūmipāḥ.

8. atha tatra samāsīnāḥ tadā daśaratham nṛpam
prācyaudīcyāḥ pratīcyāḥ ca dākṣiṇātyāḥ ca bhūmipāḥ

8. atha tadā tatra daśaratham nṛpam prācyaudīcyāḥ
pratīcyāḥ ca dākṣiṇātyāḥ ca bhūmipāḥ samāsīnāḥ

8. Then, at that time, the kings (bhūmipāḥ) from the east (prācyāḥ), north (udīcyāḥ), west (pratīcyāḥ), and south (dākṣiṇātyāḥ) were assembled there before King Daśaratha.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, moreover, and so)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in the assembly hall) (there, in that place)

• समासीनाः (samāsīnāḥ) - assembled, seated (assembled, seated, present)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• दशरथम् (daśaratham) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha (a proper noun))

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - the king (Daśaratha) (king, ruler)

• प्राच्यौदीच्याः (prācyaudīcyāḥ) - kings from the eastern and northern regions (eastern and northern (kings))

• प्रतीच्याः (pratīcyāḥ) - kings from the western region (western (kings))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दाक्षिणात्याः (dākṣiṇātyāḥ) - kings from the southern region (southern (kings))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भूमिपाः (bhūmipāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, moreover, and so)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there (in the assembly hall) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad with tral suffix.

समासीनाः (samāsīnāḥ) - assembled, seated (assembled, seated, present)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāsīna

samāsīna - seated, assembled, present

Past Active Participle

From root ās (to sit) with prefixes sam and ā, and kta suffix with active meaning.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for `bhūmipāḥ`. The implied verb is 'to be'.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad with dā suffix.

दशरथम् (daśaratham) - King Daśaratha (Daśaratha (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (name of Rama's father, king of Ayodhya)

Compound of daśa (ten) and ratha (chariots), referring to his prowess in battle.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (daśa+ratha)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Implied object of a preposition like "before" or "near", indicating presence in front of him.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - the king (Daśaratha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root nṛ meaning 'man'.
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• pa – protector, guardian; drinking
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to `daśaratham`.

प्राच्यौदीच्याः (prācyaudīcyāḥ) - kings from the eastern and northern regions (eastern and northern (kings))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prācyaudīcya

prācyaudīcya - eastern and northern

Dvandva compound of prācya and udīcya.

Compound type : dvandva (prācya+udīcya)

• prācya – eastern
  adjective (masculine)
  From prāñc (east).
  Prefix: prā
  Root: añc (class 1)
• udīcya – northern
  adjective (masculine)
  From udañc (north).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Modifies `bhūmipāḥ`.

प्रतीच्याः (pratīcyāḥ) - kings from the western region (western (kings))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pratīcya

pratīcya - western

From pratyañc (west).

Prefix: prati

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Modifies `bhūmipāḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `pratīcyāḥ` with the subsequent group.

दाक्षिणात्याः (dākṣiṇātyāḥ) - kings from the southern region (southern (kings))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dākṣiṇātya

dākṣiṇātya - southern, belonging to the south

From dakṣiṇa (south) with ātya suffix.

Note: Modifies `bhūmipāḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `dākṣiṇātyāḥ` with the previous items in the list.

भूमिपाः (bhūmipāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, ruler of the earth

Compound of bhūmi (earth) and pa (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb "were".