वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-3, verse-13

घर्माभितप्ताः पर्जन्यं ह्लादयन्तमिव प्रजाः ।
न ततर्प समायान्तं पश्यमानो नराधिपः ॥१३॥

13. gharmābhitaptāḥ parjanyaṃ hlādayantamiva prajāḥ ,
na tatarpa samāyāntaṃ paśyamāno narādhipaḥ.

13. gharmābhitaptāḥ parjanyaṃ hlādayantam iva prajāḥ
na tatarpa samāyāntam paśyamānaḥ narādhipaḥ

13. narādhipaḥ samāyāntam paśyamānaḥ gharmābhitaptāḥ
prajāḥ hlādayantam parjanyaṃ iva na tatarpa

13. The king, observing [Rama] approaching, was not satisfied, just as people tormented by heat are not satisfied merely by a rain-cloud that brings joy (but long for the rain itself).

Words meanings summery:

• घर्माभितप्ताः (gharmābhitaptāḥ) - people tormented by the sun's heat (scorched by heat, tormented by heat)

• पर्जन्यं (parjanyaṁ) - a rain-cloud that brings joy (rain-cloud, god of rain)

• ह्लादयन्तम् (hlādayantam) - gladdening (the people) (gladdening, delighting, causing joy)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (in general) (people, subjects, offspring)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ततर्प (tatarpa) - was satisfied (was satisfied, delighted)

• समायान्तम् (samāyāntam) - him approaching (Rama) (approaching, coming together)

• पश्यमानः (paśyamānaḥ) - observing (Rama) (seeing, observing)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

घर्माभितप्ताः (gharmābhitaptāḥ) - people tormented by the sun's heat (scorched by heat, tormented by heat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gharmābhitapta

gharmābhitapta - tormented by heat, scorched by heat

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed with 'gharma' (heat) and 'abhitapta' (scorched), which is a past passive participle of the root 'tap' with prefix 'abhi'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gharma+abhitapta)

• gharma – heat, sun's heat, summer
  noun (masculine)
• abhitapta – heated, scorched, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √tap (to heat, suffer) with prefix abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'prajāḥ' in the simile.

पर्जन्यं (parjanyaṁ) - a rain-cloud that brings joy (rain-cloud, god of rain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parjanya

parjanya - rain-cloud, monsoon, god of rain, storm-cloud

Note: Object of 'hlādayantam'.

ह्लादयन्तम् (hlādayantam) - gladdening (the people) (gladdening, delighting, causing joy)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hlādayant

hlādayant - gladdening, causing joy, delighting

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative of root √hlād (to rejoice, be glad).

Root: hlād (class 1)

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - people (in general) (people, subjects, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, progeny, offspring

Note: Subject in the simile.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ततर्प (tatarpa) - was satisfied (was satisfied, delighted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of tṛp

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect form of √tṛp.

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

समायान्तम् (samāyāntam) - him approaching (Rama) (approaching, coming together)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāyānt

samāyānt - approaching, coming together

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefixes sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: i (class 2)

पश्यमानः (paśyamānaḥ) - observing (Rama) (seeing, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyamāna

paśyamāna - seeing, observing, looking

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √dṛś (to see), with the form 'paśya' in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, sovereign

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)