वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-3, verse-14

अवतार्य सुमन्त्रस्तं राघवं स्यन्दनोत्तमात् ।
पितुः समीपं गच्छन्तं प्राञ्जलिः पृष्ठतो ऽन्वगात् ॥१४॥

14. avatārya sumantrastaṃ rāghavaṃ syandanottamāt ,
pituḥ samīpaṃ gacchantaṃ prāñjaliḥ pṛṣṭhato'nvagāt.

14. avatārya sumantraḥ tam rāghavam syandanottamāt
pituḥ samīpam gacchantam prāñjaliḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ anvagāt

14. sumantraḥ syandanottamāt tam rāghavam avatārya
pituḥ samīpam gacchantam prāñjaliḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ anvagāt

14. Having helped Rama dismount from the excellent chariot, Sumantra, with folded hands, followed him from behind as he went to his father's presence.

Words meanings summery:

• अवतार्य (avatārya) - having helped (Rama) dismount (having caused to descend, having dismounted)

• सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - Sumantra (the charioteer) (Sumantra (a proper name))

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Rama) (him, that)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama (Rama, descendant of Raghu)

• स्यन्दनोत्तमात् (syandanottamāt) - from the excellent chariot (from the best chariot)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (Dasharatha) (of the father)

• समीपम् (samīpam) - presence (proximity, near, presence)

• गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - going (towards his father) (going, moving)

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (in respect) (with folded hands, reverent)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, at the back)

• अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - followed (followed, went after)

Words meanings and morphology

अवतार्य (avatārya) - having helped (Rama) dismount (having caused to descend, having dismounted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √tṛ (to cross, pass) with prefix ava and causative suffix, then -ya suffix for absolutives.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - Sumantra (the charioteer) (Sumantra (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name of Dasharatha's charioteer and minister)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Rama) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Rama.

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama (Rama, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - Rama, descendant of Raghu

Patronymic from Raghu.

Note: Object of 'avatārya'.

स्यन्दनोत्तमात् (syandanottamāt) - from the excellent chariot (from the best chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of syandanottama

syandanottama - best chariot, excellent chariot

Compound of 'syandana' (chariot) and 'uttama' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (syandana+uttama)

• syandana – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: syand (class 1)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Source from which Rama dismounts.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (Dasharatha) (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Possessive for 'samīpam'.

समीपम् (samīpam) - presence (proximity, near, presence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samīpa

samīpa - proximity, vicinity, near, presence

Note: Acts as an adverb of place.

गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - going (towards his father) (going, moving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gacchant

gacchant - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (in respect) (with folded hands, reverent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands, reverent, respectful

Compound meaning "having folded hands".

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forward, before
  indeclinable
• añjali – folded hands (gesture of reverence), cupped hands
  noun (masculine)
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Modifies Sumantra.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'pṛṣṭha' (back) with the suffix '-tas'.

अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - followed (followed, went after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anu-gam

Imperfect tense

Form of √gam (to go) with prefix anu, in imperfect tense.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb.