वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-3, verse-10

तेषां मध्ये स राजर्षिर्मरुतामिव वासवः ।
प्रासादस्थो रथगतं ददर्शायान्तमात्मजम् ॥१०॥

10. teṣāṃ madhye sa rājarṣirmarutāmiva vāsavaḥ ,
prāsādastho rathagataṃ dadarśāyāntamātmajam.

10. teṣām madhye saḥ rājarṣiḥ marutām iva vāsavaḥ
prāsādasthaḥ rathagatam dadarśa āyāntam ātmajam

10. teṣām madhye marutām vāsavaḥ iva saḥ rājarṣiḥ
prāsādasthaḥ rathagatam āyāntam ātmajam dadarśa

10. Among them, the royal sage (Dasharatha), who was like Indra among the Maruts, stood in his palace and saw his son approaching, riding in a chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among

• सः (saḥ) - he

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - King Dasharatha (royal sage)

• मरुताम् (marutām) - of the Maruts (storm gods)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra

• प्रासादस्थः (prāsādasthaḥ) - standing in his palace, situated in his palace

• रथगतम् (rathagatam) - riding in a chariot, gone into a chariot

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - his son

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - King Dasharatha (royal sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - a royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

मरुताम् (marutām) - of the Maruts (storm gods)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of marut

marut - Marut (a storm god), wind, air

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वासवः (vāsavaḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsava

vāsava - Indra (lord of the Vasus)

प्रासादस्थः (prāsādasthaḥ) - standing in his palace, situated in his palace

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāsādastha

prāsādastha - staying in a palace, dwelling in a palace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāsāda+stha)

• prāsāda – palace, temple
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

रथगतम् (rathagatam) - riding in a chariot, gone into a chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathagata

rathagata - gone in a chariot, riding in a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+gata)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

from root √yā (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - his son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, offspring (born of oneself)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self (ātman), soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)