वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-27, verse-9

स मामनादाय वनं न त्वं प्रस्थातुमर्हसि ।
तपो वा यदि वारण्यं स्वर्गो वा स्यात् सह त्वया ॥९॥

9. sa māmanādāya vanaṃ na tvaṃ prasthātumarhasi ,
tapo vā yadi vāraṇyaṃ svargo vā syāt saha tvayā.

9. saḥ mām anādāya vanam na tvam prasthātum arhasi
tapaḥ vā yadi vā araṇyam svargaḥ vā syāt saha tvayā

9. saḥ tvam mām anādāya vanam prasthātum na arhasi
yadi tapaḥ vā araṇyam vā svargaḥ vā tvayā saha syāt

9. You ought not to depart for the forest without taking me. Whether it be (the practice of) asceticism (tapas), or merely the forest, or even heaven, it would exist only with you.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - you (referring to Rāma) (he, that one)

• माम् (mām) - me

• अनादाय (anādāya) - without taking, not taking

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• प्रस्थातुम् (prasthātum) - to set out, to depart

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you ought, you are able, you are worthy)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - the practice of asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, austerity, heat, penance (tapas))

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - whether (if, whether)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

• स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven, paradise

• वा (vā) - or even (or, either)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would exist, may be (may be, should be, would be)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you, with you

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - you (referring to Rāma) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Refers to Sītā.

अनादाय (anādāya) - without taking, not taking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from 'an-' (negative prefix) + 'ā-' (upasarga) + root 'dā' (to give, take) + suffix '-ya' (absolutive)

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (an+ādāya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• ādāya – having taken
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  From root 'dā' with upasarga 'ā' and suffix '-ya'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Serves as an adverbial clause.

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Root: van (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'arhasi'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'arhasi'.

प्रस्थातुम् (prasthātum) - to set out, to depart

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root 'sthā' (to stand) with upasarga 'pra' and suffix '-tum'

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose/object of 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought (you ought, you are able, you are worthy)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

तपः (tapaḥ) - the practice of asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, austerity, heat, penance (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, penance, austerity

From root 'tap' (to heat)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject in a conditional clause.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - whether (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

Root: ṛ

Note: Subject in a conditional clause.

स्वर्गः (svargaḥ) - heaven, paradise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial abode

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (su+ga)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good, excellent'
• ga – going, moving (agent)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-a'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject in a conditional clause.

वा (vā) - or even (or, either)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - would exist, may be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses possibility or wish.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you, with you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

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