वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-27, verse-20

इदं हि सहितुं शोकं मुहूर्तमपि नोत्सहे ।
किं पुनर्दशवर्षाणि त्रीणि चैकं च दुःखिता ॥२०॥

20. idaṃ hi sahituṃ śokaṃ muhūrtamapi notsahe ,
kiṃ punardaśavarṣāṇi trīṇi caikaṃ ca duḥkhitā.

20. idam hi sahitum śokam muhūrtam api na utsahe
kim punaḥ daśa varṣāṇi trīṇi ca ekam ca duḥkhitā

20. hi duḥkhitā (aham) idam śokam muhūrtam api sahitum na
utsahe punaḥ daśa trīṇi ca ekam ca varṣāṇi kim (sahitum)

20. Indeed, distressed as I am, I cannot endure this grief even for a moment. How much less can I bear it for fourteen years (ten, three, and one)?

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (sorrow) (this, this (thing))

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• सहित्úम् (sahitúm) - to endure (to bear, to endure, to tolerate)

• शोकम् (śokam) - grief (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a single moment (a moment, a short time)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I can (bear) (I am able, I can, I undertake)

• किम् (kim) - how much less, what then (what, why)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - how much more/less (again, but, moreover)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

• च (ca) - and

• एकम् (ekam) - one (year) (one, a single)

• च (ca) - and

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy (feminine))

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (sorrow) (this, this (thing))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of idam

Note: Refers to 'śokam'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

सहित्úम् (sahitúm) - to endure (to bear, to endure, to tolerate)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum

Root: sah (class 1)

शोकम् (śokam) - grief (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

Derived from √śuc (to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of 'sahitúm'.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a single moment (a moment, a short time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short period of time (traditionally 48 minutes), a division of time

Note: Accusative of duration.

अपि (api) - even (even, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'muhūrtam'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'utsahe'.

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I can (bear) (I am able, I can, I undertake)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ud-sah

Present Middle Indicative

1st Person Singular

Prefix: ud

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: The agent is implicit (aham - I).

किम् (kim) - how much less, what then (what, why)

(indeclinable)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of kim, also used as an interrogative particle.

Note: Used with 'punar' to form 'kim punar' meaning 'how much more/less'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - how much more/less (again, but, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'kim' to form 'kim punar'.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Adjective for 'varṣāṇi'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season, a continent (geographical division)

Note: Accusative of duration.

त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

(numeral)

Note: Adjective for 'varṣāṇi' (implied).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एकम् (ekam) - one (year) (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Adjective for 'varṣam' (implied).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, grieved, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from duḥkha (sorrow)

Note: Adjective describing the implicit subject 'aham' (I).