वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-103, verse-19

आसीनस्त्वेव भरतः पौरजानपदं जनम् ।
उवाच सर्वतः प्रेक्ष्य किमार्यं नानुशासथ ॥१९॥

19. āsīnastveva bharataḥ paurajānapadaṃ janam ,
uvāca sarvataḥ prekṣya kimāryaṃ nānuśāsatha.

19. āsīnaḥ tu eva bharataḥ paurajānapadam janam |
uvāca sarvataḥ prekṣya kim āryam na anuśāsatha

19. bharataḥ āsīnaḥ tu eva sarvataḥ prekṣya
paurajānapadam janam uvāca kim āryam na anuśāsatha

19. Bharata, while sitting there, observing from all sides, spoke to the people from both the city and the country, asking, "Why do you not instruct (or advise) the venerable one (ārya)?"

Words meanings summery:

• आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - sitting

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

• पौरजानपदम् (paurajānapadam) - relating to citizens and country dwellers, urban and rural

• जनम् (janam) - people, person

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, all around

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having observed, having seen

• किम् (kim) - why, what

• आर्यम् (āryam) - Refers to Rama, Bharata's elder brother (the noble one, the venerable one, respected brother (Rama))

• न (na) - not

• अनुशासथ (anuśāsatha) - you (plural) instruct, advise, command

Words meanings and morphology

आसीनः (āsīnaḥ) - sitting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - sitting, seated

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name), cherished, sustained

पौरजानपदम् (paurajānapadam) - relating to citizens and country dwellers, urban and rural

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paurajānapada

paurajānapada - pertaining to citizens and country dwellers

Compound type : dvandva (paura+jānapada)

• paura – citizen, urban
  noun (masculine)
• jānapada – country dweller, rural
  noun (masculine)

जनम् (janam) - people, person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having observed, having seen

(indeclinable)

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form

किम् (kim) - why, what

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

आर्यम् (āryam) - Refers to Rama, Bharata's elder brother (the noble one, the venerable one, respected brother (Rama))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, venerable, master, respected

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अनुशासथ (anuśāsatha) - you (plural) instruct, advise, command

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anu-śās

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)