वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-69, verse-10

औपकार्यां स गत्वा तु रघूणां कुलवर्धनम् ।
ददर्श शिरसा चैनमभिवाद्येदमब्रवीत् ॥१०॥

10. aupakāryāṃ sa gatvā tu raghūṇāṃ kulavardhanam ,
dadarśa śirasā cainamabhivādyedamabravīt.

10. aupakāryām saḥ gatvā tu raghūṇām kulavardhanam
dadarśa śirasā ca enam abhivādya idam abravīt

10. saḥ aupakāryām gatvā tu raghūṇām kulavardhanam
enam śirasā abhivādya ca idam abravīt

10. He went to the royal pavilion and saw the enhancer of the Raghu lineage. Having bowed to him with his head, he then said this.

Words meanings summery:

• औपकार्याम् (aupakāryām) - to the royal tent, to the pavilion

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, and, on the other hand

• रघूणाम् (raghūṇām) - of the Raghus

• कुलवर्धनम् (kulavardhanam) - Referring to Daśaratha. (the enhancer of the family, the one who increases the lineage)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by bowing the head

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having bowed down, having saluted

• इदम् (idam) - Referring to the speech that follows. (this, this speech)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

औपकार्याम् (aupakāryām) - to the royal tent, to the pavilion

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aupakāryā

aupakāryā - royal tent, pavilion

Derived from upakāra (help, favor), often referring to a temporary structure for royalty or important guests.

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, and, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

रघूणाम् (raghūṇām) - of the Raghus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of raghu

raghu - Raghu (name of a king, progenitor of a famous solar dynasty)

कुलवर्धनम् (kulavardhanam) - Referring to Daśaratha. (the enhancer of the family, the one who increases the lineage)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kulavardhana

kulavardhana - enhancer of the family, increasing the lineage

Compound (Tatpurusha or adjective).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+vardhana)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• vardhana – increasing, enhancing, causing to grow
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/present participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'enam' (him).

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect active

Reduplicated past tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by bowing the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull

s-stem noun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Enam is a pronominal stem used in the accusative singular.

Note: Refers to the person being seen and addressed.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having bowed down, having saluted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'abhi' + root 'vad' + suffix '-ya' (when preceded by a prefix).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - Referring to the speech that follows. (this, this speech)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

masculine/neuter nominative/accusative singular form of 'idam'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active

Augment 'a-' indicates past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

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