वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-69, verse-1

ततः प्रभाते जनकः कृतकर्मा महर्षिभिः ।
उवाच वाक्यं वाक्यज्ञः शतानन्दं पुरोहितम् ॥१॥

1. tataḥ prabhāte janakaḥ kṛtakarmā maharṣibhiḥ ,
uvāca vākyaṃ vākyajñaḥ śatānandaṃ purohitam.

1. tataḥ prabhāte janakaḥ kṛtakarmā maharṣibhiḥ
uvāca vākyam vākyajñaḥ śatānandam purohitam

1. tataḥ prabhāte kṛtakarmā maharṣibhiḥ vākyajñaḥ
janakaḥ purohitam śatānandam vākyam uvāca

1. Then, in the morning, King Janaka, having performed his (morning) duties (karmā) with the great sages, and being eloquent, spoke these words to his priest, Śatānanda.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning (in the morning, at dawn)

• जनकः (janakaḥ) - King Janaka (Janaka, father)

• कृतकर्मा (kṛtakarmā) - having performed his (morning) duties (having performed his duties/actions, one who has done his work)

• महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - with the great sages (by the great sages, with the great sages)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (as a speech) (word, speech, sentence)

• वाक्यज्ञः (vākyajñaḥ) - being eloquent (knower of speech, eloquent, skilled in words)

• शतानन्दम् (śatānandam) - to Śatānanda (Śatānanda (accusative))

• पुरोहितम् (purohitam) - the priest (priest, chaplain (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + -tas suffix (ablative sense or adverbial)

प्रभाते (prabhāte) - in the morning (in the morning, at dawn)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawn, morning, daybreak

Past Passive Participle

From root bhā (to shine) with prefix pra. prabhāta itself becomes a noun.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Indicates time.

जनकः (janakaḥ) - King Janaka (Janaka, father)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - father, progenitor, Janaka (king of Videha)

Root: jan (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

कृतकर्मा (kṛtakarmā) - having performed his (morning) duties (having performed his duties/actions, one who has done his work)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtakarmā

kṛtakarmā - having done his work, one who has performed his actions/duties

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṛta (done) + karman (action/duty).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+karman)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• karman – action, deed, work, duty (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to Janaka.

महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - with the great sages (by the great sages, with the great sages)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, venerable seer

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛṣ (to go, to move swiftly).
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates accompaniment for kṛtakarmā.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular

Perfect form of root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (as a speech) (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of uvāca.

वाक्यज्ञः (vākyajñaḥ) - being eloquent (knower of speech, eloquent, skilled in words)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyajña

vākyajña - knowing speech, eloquent, skilled in words

Compound: vākya (speech) + jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vākya+jña)

• vākya – word, speech, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to Janaka.

शतानन्दम् (śatānandam) - to Śatānanda (Śatānanda (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatānanda

śatānanda - Śatānanda (proper name, son of Gautama and Ahalyā, Janaka's priest)

Compound: śata (hundred) + ānanda (joy) - 'hundred joys'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śata+ānanda)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• ānanda – joy, happiness, delight
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Indirect object of uvāca.

पुरोहितम् (purohitam) - the priest (priest, chaplain (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - priest, chaplain, one placed in front (to preside)

Past Passive Participle

From puras (before, in front) + root dhā (to place) + kta suffix.

Prefix: puras

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: In apposition to śatānandam.

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