वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-64, verse-2

मौनं वर्षसहस्रस्य कृत्वा व्रतमनुत्तमम् ।
चकाराप्रतिमं राम तपः परमदुष्करम् ॥२॥

2. maunaṃ varṣasahasrasya kṛtvā vratamanuttamam ,
cakārāpratimaṃ rāma tapaḥ paramaduṣkaram.

2. maunam varṣasaharasrasya kṛtvā vratam anuttamam
cakāra apratimam rāma tapaḥ paramaduṣkaram

2. rāma varṣasaharasrasya maunam anuttamam vratam
kṛtvā apratimam paramaduṣkaram tapaḥ cakāra

2. O Rama, undertaking an excellent vow (vrata) of silence (maunam) for a thousand years, he performed incomparable and exceedingly difficult asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• मौनम् (maunam) - silence, state of a muni (sage)

• वर्षसहरस्रस्य (varṣasaharasrasya) - of a thousand years

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed, having made

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, observance, religious practice (vrata)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, excellent, best

• चकार (cakāra) - he did, he made, he performed

• अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - unequalled, incomparable, matchless

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, asceticism (tapas)

• परमदुष्करम् (paramaduṣkaram) - exceedingly difficult to perform, supremely hard

Words meanings and morphology

मौनम् (maunam) - silence, state of a muni (sage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mauna

mauna - silence, taciturnity, state of a Muni

Derived from 'muni' (sage).

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā', here acting as a part of the 'vratam'.

वर्षसहरस्रस्य (varṣasaharasrasya) - of a thousand years

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of varṣasaharasra

varṣasaharasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+saharasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• saharasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'maunam' or 'vratam'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed, having made

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects the action of undertaking the vow to the main action of performing tapas.

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, observance, religious practice (vrata)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, best, supreme

Negative particle 'an-' + 'uttama' (highest, best).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with 'vratam'.

चकार (cakāra) - he did, he made, he performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect 3rd singular active (parasmaipada) from root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - unequalled, incomparable, matchless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apratima

apratima - unequalled, incomparable, matchless, unique

Negative particle 'a-' + 'pratima' (equal, resembling).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratima)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• pratima – equal, resembling, image
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, incarnation of Vishnu)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, asceticism (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, asceticism, heat

Note: Object of 'cakāra'.

परमदुष्करम् (paramaduṣkaram) - exceedingly difficult to perform, supremely hard

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramaduṣkara

paramaduṣkara - exceedingly difficult, supremely hard to do

Compound of 'parama' (supreme, highest) and 'duṣkara' (difficult to do).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+duṣkara)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• duṣkara – difficult to do, hard to accomplish
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix 'dus-' (bad, difficult) + root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.