वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-64, verse-1

अथ हैमवतीं राम दिशं त्यक्त्वा महामुनिः ।
पूर्वां दिशमनुप्राप्य तपस्तेपे सुदारुणम् ॥१॥

1. atha haimavatīṃ rāma diśaṃ tyaktvā mahāmuniḥ ,
pūrvāṃ diśamanuprāpya tapastepe sudāruṇam.

1. atha haimavatīm rāma diśam tyaktvā mahāmuniḥ
pūrvām diśam anuprāpya tapaḥ tepe sudāruṇam

1. rāma atha mahāmuniḥ haimavatīm diśam tyaktvā
pūrvām diśam anuprāpya sudāruṇam tapaḥ tepe

1. O Rama, then the great sage, having abandoned the northern, Himalayan direction, proceeded to the eastern direction and performed extremely severe asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• हैमवतीम् (haimavatīm) - Refers to the northern direction. (Himalayan, related to Himavat (the Himalayas))

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - Refers to Viśvāmitra. (great sage)

• पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - eastern, prior

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

• अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having reached, having attained

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, asceticism (tapas)

• तेपे (tepe) - performed, practiced, heated oneself

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very severe, extremely harsh

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

हैमवतीम् (haimavatīm) - Refers to the northern direction. (Himalayan, related to Himavat (the Himalayas))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of haimavatī

haimavatī - Himalayan, belonging to Himavat, daughter of Himavat (Parvati)

Derived from 'Himavat' (the Himalayas).

Note: Agrees with 'diśam'.

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, incarnation of Vishnu)

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from root 'tyaj'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - Refers to Viśvāmitra. (great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+muni)

• mahat – great, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the main actions.

पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - eastern, prior

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrvā

pūrvā - eastern, former, prior

Note: Agrees with 'diśam'.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Object of 'anuprāpya'.

अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from 'anu-' + 'pra-' + root 'āp' (to obtain).

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Prefixes 'anu' and 'pra'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, asceticism (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, asceticism, heat

Note: Object of 'tepe'.

तेपे (tepe) - performed, practiced, heated oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of tap

Perfect 3rd singular middle (ātmanepada) from root 'tap'.

Root: tap (class 1)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very severe, extremely harsh

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very harsh, extremely cruel, exceedingly severe

Intensive prefix 'su-' + 'dāruṇa' (harsh, severe).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – harsh, severe, cruel
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.