वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-64, verse-11

ब्रह्मर्षे स्वागतं ते ऽस्तु तपसा स्म सुतोषिताः ।
ब्राह्मण्यं तपसोग्रेण प्राप्तवानसि कौशिक ॥११॥

11. brahmarṣe svāgataṃ te'stu tapasā sma sutoṣitāḥ ,
brāhmaṇyaṃ tapasogreṇa prāptavānasi kauśika.

11. brahmarṣe svāgatam te astu tapasā sma sutoṣitāḥ
brāhmaṇyam tapasā ugreṇa prāptavān asi kauśika

11. brahmarṣe te svāgatam astu tapasā sma sutoṣitāḥ
kauśika ugreṇa tapasā brāhmaṇyam prāptavān asi

11. O Brahmarṣi, welcome to you. We are exceedingly pleased by your asceticism (tapas). O Kauśika, you have attained the state of a Brahmin (brāhmaṇya) through your intense asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarṣi! O divine sage!

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - Welcome; well-come.

• ते (te) - To you; your.

• अस्तु (astu) - Let it be; may it be.

• तपसा (tapasā) - By austerity; through asceticism.

• स्म (sma) - Used here as an emphatic particle, "indeed". (Indeed; verily; particle indicating past tense with present verb.)

• सुतोषिताः (sutoṣitāḥ) - We are greatly pleased. (Greatly pleased; well-satisfied.)

• ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - The state of a Brahmin; Brahmanhood.

• तपसा (tapasā) - By austerity; through asceticism.

• उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - By intense. (By severe; by fierce; by intense.)

• प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - Has obtained; having attained.

• असि (asi) - You are.

• कौशिक (kauśika) - Addressing Viśvāmitra. (O Kauśika! (name))

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarṣi! O divine sage!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmarṣi

brahmarṣi - A Brahmin sage; a sage of the highest class.

Compound of brahman (Veda, Brahmin) and ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+ṛṣi)

• brahman – Sacred utterance; the Veda; a Brahmin; the ultimate reality.
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh
• ṛṣi – A seer; a sage; an inspired poet.
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - Welcome; well-come.

(noun)

neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - Welcome; well-come; a good arrival.

From su (well) + āgata (come).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+āgata)

• su – Well, good, excellent.
  indeclinable
• āgata – Come, arrived, approached.
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root gam with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often treated as an adverbial neuter accusative in greetings.

ते (te) - To you; your.

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - You.

Note: The dative sense "to you" fits "svāgatam astu" (let there be welcome to you).

अस्तु (astu) - Let it be; may it be.

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

तपसा (tapasā) - By austerity; through asceticism.

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - Heat; asceticism; austerity; penance.

From root tap (to heat, to perform austerities).

Root: tap (class 1)

स्म (sma) - Used here as an emphatic particle, "indeed". (Indeed; verily; particle indicating past tense with present verb.)

(indeclinable)

सुतोषिताः (sutoṣitāḥ) - We are greatly pleased. (Greatly pleased; well-satisfied.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sutoṣita

sutoṣita - Well-pleased; greatly satisfied.

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + root tuṣ (to be pleased) + kta suffix.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+toṣita)

• su – Well, good, excellent.
  indeclinable
• toṣita – Pleased, satisfied.
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tuṣ (to be pleased).
  Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Implied subject is "we" (e.g., "vayam").

ब्राह्मण्यम् (brāhmaṇyam) - The state of a Brahmin; Brahmanhood.

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇya

brāhmaṇya - The state, dignity, or character of a Brahmin; Brahmanhood.

Derived from brāhmaṇa (Brahmin) + -ya (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'prāptavān asi'.

तपसा (tapasā) - By austerity; through asceticism.

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - Heat; asceticism; austerity; penance.

From root tap (to heat, to perform austerities).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modified by 'ugreṇa'.

उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - By intense. (By severe; by fierce; by intense.)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - Fierce, severe, formidable, terrible, intense.

Note: Agrees with 'tapasā'.

प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - Has obtained; having attained.

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāptavat

prāptavat - Having obtained, having attained.

Past Active Participle

From pra (prefix) + root āp (to obtain) + ktavat suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Combines with 'asi' to form a perfect tense equivalent.

असि (asi) - You are.

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Here, it forms a periphrastic perfect construction with 'prāptavān'.

कौशिक (kauśika) - Addressing Viśvāmitra. (O Kauśika! (name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - Descendant of Kuśika; a patronymic, often referring to Viśvāmitra.

Derived from Kuśika.