वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-23, verse-8

तस्मात् सुस्राव सरसः सायोध्यामुपगूहते ।
सरःप्रवृत्ता सरयूः पुण्या ब्रह्मसरश्च्युता ॥८॥

8. tasmāt susrāva sarasaḥ sāyodhyāmupagūhate ,
saraḥpravṛttā sarayūḥ puṇyā brahmasaraścyutā.

8. tasmāt susrāva sarasaḥ sā ayodhyām upagūhate
saraḥpravṛttā sarayūḥ puṇyā brahmasaras cyutā

8. tasmāt sarasaḥ susrāva sā ayodhyām upagūhate
saraḥpravṛttā puṇyā sarayūḥ brahmasaras cyutā

8. From that lake (Mānasarovar) it flowed forth; that (river) encompasses Ayodhyā. The sacred Sarayū, having originated from the lake, descended from Brahmā's lake (Brahmasaras).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (lake) (from that, therefore, thence)

• सुस्राव (susrāva) - flowed forth (flowed forth, streamed, issued)

• सरसः (sarasaḥ) - from the lake (Mānasarovar) (from the lake)

• सा (sā) - that (river Sarayū) (she, that (feminine))

• अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - to Ayodhyā

• उपगूहते (upagūhate) - encompasses, flows near (embraces, surrounds, encompasses, flows near)

• सरःप्रवृत्ता (saraḥpravṛttā) - originating from the lake (originating from a lake, issued from a lake)

• सरयूः (sarayūḥ) - the river Sarayū

• पुण्या (puṇyā) - sacred (sacred, holy, pure, auspicious)

• ब्रह्मसरस् (brahmasaras) - Brahmā's lake (Brahmasaras) (Brahmā's lake, divine lake)

• च्युता (cyutā) - descended (from) (descended, sprung from, fallen)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (lake) (from that, therefore, thence)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'saras' (the lake).

सुस्राव (susrāva) - flowed forth (flowed forth, streamed, issued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of susrāva

Perfect tense

From su-sru (su as intensifier). Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: su

Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied (the river Sarayū).

सरसः (sarasaḥ) - from the lake (Mānasarovar) (from the lake)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool, water

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Can also be genitive singular. Here ablative ('from the lake') due to 'susrāva'.

सा (sā) - that (river Sarayū) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - to Ayodhyā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhyā (name of the capital of Kosala, where Rāma ruled)

Note: Object of 'upagūhate' (destination).

उपगूहते (upagūhate) - encompasses, flows near (embraces, surrounds, encompasses, flows near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of upagūh

Present tense, Ātmanepada

From upa-gūh

Prefix: upa

Root: gūh (class 4)

सरःप्रवृत्ता (saraḥpravṛttā) - originating from the lake (originating from a lake, issued from a lake)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saraḥpravṛtta

saraḥpravṛtta - originated from a lake, flowing from a lake

Compound formed with 'saras' (ablative sense) and 'pravṛtta' (originated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saras+pravṛtta)

• saras – lake, pond, pool
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• pravṛtta – originated, issued, proceeded, set in motion
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-vṛt (to turn, proceed)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

सरयूः (sarayūḥ) - the river Sarayū

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarayū

sarayū - Name of a sacred river, especially associated with Ayodhyā

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुण्या (puṇyā) - sacred (sacred, holy, pure, auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - virtuous, sacred, holy, pure, auspicious, meritorious

ब्रह्मसरस् (brahmasaras) - Brahmā's lake (Brahmasaras) (Brahmā's lake, divine lake)

(noun)

neuter, singular of brahmasaras

brahmasaras - a lake belonging to Brahmā, a divine lake

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+saras)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god); the ultimate reality (brahman)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• saras – lake, pond, pool
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: This is the stem for 'brahmasaraścyutā', where 'brahmasaras' acts as the origin.

च्युता (cyutā) - descended (from) (descended, sprung from, fallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, descended, sprung from, issued from

Past Passive Participle

From cyu (to move, fall)

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: 'brahmasaras-cyutā' is a compound.