वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-23, verse-16

एतौ जनपदौ स्फीतौ पूर्वमास्तां नरोत्तम ।
मलदाश्च करूषाश्च देवनिर्माण निर्मितौ ॥१६॥

16. etau janapadau sphītau pūrvamāstāṃ narottama ,
maladāśca karūṣāśca devanirmāṇa nirmitau.

16. etau janapadau sphītau pūrvam āstām narottama
maladāḥ ca karūṣāḥ ca devanirmāṇa nirmitau

16. narottama etau sphītau janapadau maladāḥ ca
karūṣāḥ ca devanirmāṇa nirmitau pūrvam āstām

16. O best of men, these two prosperous provinces, Malada and Karūṣa, formerly existed, created by divine design.

Words meanings summery:

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• जनपदौ (janapadau) - two districts, two provinces

• स्फीतौ (sphītau) - two prosperous, two thriving

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - they two were, existed

• नरोत्तम (narottama) - An epithet for Rama (O best of men)

• मलदाः (maladāḥ) - Name of one of the two provinces (Malada)

• च (ca) - and

• करूषाः (karūṣāḥ) - Name of the other of the two provinces (Karūṣa)

• च (ca) - and

• देवनिर्माण (devanirmāṇa) - divine creation, divine design

• निर्मितौ (nirmitau) - created, fashioned

Words meanings and morphology

एतौ (etau) - these two

(demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'janapadau'

जनपदौ (janapadau) - two districts, two provinces

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of janapada

janapada - country, district, province, people, nation

स्फीतौ (sphītau) - two prosperous, two thriving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sphīta

sphīta - prosperous, thriving, abundant, swollen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sphāy (to grow fat, thrive)

Root: sphāy (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'janapadau'

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

आस्ताम् (āstām) - they two were, existed

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

नरोत्तम (narottama) - An epithet for Rama (O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narottama

narottama - best among men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

मलदाः (maladāḥ) - Name of one of the two provinces (Malada)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of malada

malada - Malada (name of a country or its people)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

करूषाः (karūṣāḥ) - Name of the other of the two provinces (Karūṣa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karūṣa

karūṣa - Karūṣa (name of a country or its people)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

देवनिर्माण (devanirmāṇa) - divine creation, divine design

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devanirmāṇa

devanirmāṇa - divine creation, fashioning by gods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+nirmāṇa)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• nirmāṇa – creation, formation, fabrication, design
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially or as cause, similar to instrumental. It modifies 'nirmitau'.

निर्मितौ (nirmitau) - created, fashioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nirmita

nirmita - created, made, built, fashioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mā (to measure, build) with prefix nir

Prefix: nis

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'janapadau'