वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-23, verse-14

धवाश्वकर्णककुभैर्बिल्वतिन्दुकपाटलैः ।
संकीर्णं बदरीभिश्च किं न्विदं दारुणं वनम् ॥१४॥

14. dhavāśvakarṇakakubhairbilvatindukapāṭalaiḥ ,
saṃkīrṇaṃ badarībhiśca kiṃ nvidaṃ dāruṇaṃ vanam.

14. dhavaśvakarṇakakubhaiḥ bilvatindukapāṭalaiḥ
saṃkīrṇam badarībhiḥ ca kim nu idam dāruṇam vanam

14. idam dāruṇam vanam dhavaśvakarṇakakubhaiḥ
bilvatindukapāṭalaiḥ badarībhiḥ ca saṃkīrṇam nu kim

14. What, indeed, is this dreadful forest, dense with dhava, aśvakarṇa, kakubha, bilva, tinduka, pāṭala, and jujube trees?

Words meanings summery:

• धवश्वकर्णककुभैः (dhavaśvakarṇakakubhaiḥ) - by dhava, aśvakarṇa, and kakubha trees

• बिल्वतिन्दुकपाटलैः (bilvatindukapāṭalaiḥ) - by bilva, tinduka, and pāṭala trees

• संकीर्णम् (saṁkīrṇam) - overgrown, dense, strewn

• बदरीभिः (badarībhiḥ) - by jujube trees

• च (ca) - and

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely

• इदम् (idam) - this

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, dreadful

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

Words meanings and morphology

धवश्वकर्णककुभैः (dhavaśvakarṇakakubhaiḥ) - by dhava, aśvakarṇa, and kakubha trees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhavaśvakarṇakakubha

dhavaśvakarṇakakubha - a compound of dhava, aśvakarṇa, and kakubha trees

Compound type : dvandva (dhava+aśvakarṇa+kakubha)

• dhava – dhava tree (Anogeissus latifolia)
  noun (masculine)
• aśvakarṇa – aśvakarṇa tree (Shorea robusta or Vatica robusta)
  noun (masculine)
• kakubha – kakubha tree (Terminalia arjuna)
  noun (masculine)

बिल्वतिन्दुकपाटलैः (bilvatindukapāṭalaiḥ) - by bilva, tinduka, and pāṭala trees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bilvatindukapāṭala

bilvatindukapāṭala - a compound of bilva, tinduka, and pāṭala trees

Compound type : dvandva (bilva+tinduka+pāṭala)

• bilva – bilva tree (Aegle marmelos)
  noun (masculine)
• tinduka – tinduka tree (Diospyros embryopteris or D. melanoxylon)
  noun (masculine)
• pāṭala – pāṭala tree (Stereospermum suaveolens)
  noun (masculine)

संकीर्णम् (saṁkīrṇam) - overgrown, dense, strewn

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃkīrṇa

saṁkīrṇa - overgrown, dense, strewn, filled with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṝ with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: kṝ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'vanam'

बदरीभिः (badarībhiḥ) - by jujube trees

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of badarī

badarī - jujube tree (Ziziphus mauritiana)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what?

(interrogative pronoun)

नु (nu) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(demonstrative pronoun)

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, harsh, severe

Note: Agrees with 'vanam'

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket