वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-23, verse-23

एतौ जनपदौ स्थीतौ दीर्घकालमरिंदम ।
मलदाश्च करूषाश्च मुदितौ धनधान्यतः ॥२३॥

23. etau janapadau sthītau dīrghakālamariṃdama ,
maladāśca karūṣāśca muditau dhanadhānyataḥ.

23. etau janapadau sthitau dīrghakālam arimdam
maladāḥ ca karūṣāḥ ca muditau dhanadhānyataḥ

23. arimdam etau maladāḥ ca karūṣāḥ ca janapadau
dīrghakālam sthitau dhanadhānyataḥ muditau

23. O subduer of enemies (arimdam), these two districts, Malada and Karūṣa, have been situated here for a long time, prosperous with wealth and grain.

Words meanings summery:

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• जनपदौ (janapadau) - two districts, two inhabited regions

• स्थितौ (sthitau) - two situated, two existing, two standing

• दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time

• अरिम्दम् (arimdam) - O subduer of enemies (addressing Rāma) (O subduer of enemies)

• मलदाः (maladāḥ) - Maladas (name of a people or region)

• च (ca) - and

• करूषाः (karūṣāḥ) - Karūṣas (name of a people or region)

• च (ca) - and

• मुदितौ (muditau) - two happy, two delighted, two prosperous

• धनधान्यतः (dhanadhānyataḥ) - from wealth and grain, due to wealth and grain

Words meanings and morphology

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, these

जनपदौ (janapadau) - two districts, two inhabited regions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of janapada

janapada - country, district, inhabited land, community

स्थितौ (sthitau) - two situated, two existing, two standing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, existing, firm, abiding

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with janapadau.

दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrghakāla

dīrghakāla - long time, long period

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long, tall, deep
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period, season, suitable moment
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration.

अरिम्दम् (arimdam) - O subduer of enemies (addressing Rāma) (O subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arimdama

arimdama - subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes (an epithet)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing, self-control
  noun (masculine)
  From root dam (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 4)

मलदाः (maladāḥ) - Maladas (name of a people or region)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of malada

malada - Malada (name of a country or its inhabitants)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

करूषाः (karūṣāḥ) - Karūṣas (name of a people or region)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of karūṣa

karūṣa - Karūṣa (name of a country or its inhabitants)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मुदितौ (muditau) - two happy, two delighted, two prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mudita

mudita - happy, delighted, joyful, prosperous

Past Passive Participle

From root mud (to rejoice, be happy).

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with janapadau.

धनधान्यतः (dhanadhānyataḥ) - from wealth and grain, due to wealth and grain

(noun)

Ablative, singular of dhanadhānya

dhanadhānya - wealth and grain/corn

A dvandva compound, referring to riches and agricultural produce.

Compound type : dvandva (dhana+dhānya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• dhānya – grain, corn, cereal
  noun (neuter)
  From root dhā (to place, nourish).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The suffix -taḥ gives an ablative sense ('from, due to') and adverbial function.