मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-47, verse-26
यस्मादर्वाग् व्यवर्तन्त ततोर्ऽवाक्स्त्रोतसस्तु ते ।
ते च प्रकाशबहुलास्तमोद्रिक्ता रजोऽधिकाः ॥२६॥
ते च प्रकाशबहुलास्तमोद्रिक्ता रजोऽधिकाः ॥२६॥
26. yasmādarvāg vyavartanta tator'vākstrotasastu te .
te ca prakāśabahulāstamodriktā rajo'dhikāḥ.
te ca prakāśabahulāstamodriktā rajo'dhikāḥ.
26.
yasmāt arvāk vyavartanta tataḥ arvākstrotasaḥ tu te
| te ca prakāśabahulāḥ tamodriktāḥ rajaḥ adhikāḥ
| te ca prakāśabahulāḥ tamodriktāḥ rajaḥ adhikāḥ
26.
From whom they originated downwards, those are indeed the downward-flowing beings. And they are abundant in light but predominated by darkness (tamas) and characterized by an excess of passion (rajas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom, from which
- अर्वाक् (arvāk) - downwards, below
- व्यवर्तन्त (vyavartanta) - they emerged, they turned out, they manifested
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
- अर्वाक्स्त्रोतसः (arvākstrotasaḥ) - downward-flowing, of the downward-flowing
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- ते (te) - Refers to the beings of this new creation. (they, those)
- ते (te) - Refers to the beings of this new creation. (they, those)
- च (ca) - and, also
- प्रकाशबहुलाः (prakāśabahulāḥ) - abundant in light, very luminous
- तमोद्रिक्ताः (tamodriktāḥ) - predominated by darkness, having an excess of darkness (tamas)
- रजः (rajaḥ) - Refers to the guṇa (rajas). (passion, activity, dust, impurity (rajas))
- अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - abundant, excessive, predominant
Words meanings and morphology
यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom, from which
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Relative pronoun.
अर्वाक् (arvāk) - downwards, below
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
व्यवर्तन्त (vyavartanta) - they emerged, they turned out, they manifested
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyavṛt
Imperfect Middle
Third person plural, imperfect tense, middle voice, from vi-ava-√vṛt (to turn, roll).
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: vṛt (class 1)
ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
अर्वाक्स्त्रोतसः (arvākstrotasaḥ) - downward-flowing, of the downward-flowing
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of arvākstrotas
arvākstrotas - downward-flowing, having a downward current
Compound of arvāc (downward) + srotas (stream).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (arvāc+srotas)
- arvāc – downward, facing downward, low
adjective (masculine) - srotas – stream, current, flow
noun (neuter)
Derived from √sru (to flow).
Root: sru (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective for `te`.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
Particle.
ते (te) - Refers to the beings of this new creation. (they, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, it, he, she
Demonstrative pronoun.
ते (te) - Refers to the beings of this new creation. (they, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, it, he, she
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Repetition for emphasis or clarity, introducing a new set of attributes.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
प्रकाशबहुलाः (prakāśabahulāḥ) - abundant in light, very luminous
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of prakāśabahula
prakāśabahula - abundant in light, very luminous
Compound of prakāśa (light) + bahula (abundant).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prakāśa+bahula)
- prakāśa – light, brightness, manifestation
noun (masculine)
Derived from pra-√kāś.
Prefix: pra
Root: kāś (class 1) - bahula – abundant, plentiful, numerous
adjective (masculine)
Note: Predicate adjective.
तमोद्रिक्ताः (tamodriktāḥ) - predominated by darkness, having an excess of darkness (tamas)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tamodrikta
tamodrikta - predominated by darkness, having an excess of tamas (ignorance, inertia)
Compound of tamas (darkness, inertia) + udrikta (excessive, abundant).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tamas+udrikta)
- tamas – darkness, ignorance, inertia (tamas)
noun (neuter) - udrikta – excessive, abundant, predominated
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from ut-√ric (to leave over, exceed).
Prefix: ut
Root: ric (class 7)
Note: Predicate adjective.
रजः (rajaḥ) - Refers to the guṇa (rajas). (passion, activity, dust, impurity (rajas))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas
rajas - dust, impurity, passion, activity, motion (rajas)
Note: Part of the compound `rajo 'dhikāḥ`.
अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - abundant, excessive, predominant
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of adhika
adhika - excessive, abundant, superior, predominant
From adhi-√ka (more, above).
Note: Predicate adjective.