महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-54, verse-21

ईक्षस्वैतां भारतीं दीर्यमाणामेते कस्माद्विद्रवन्ते नरेन्द्राः ।
व्यक्तं धीमान्सव्यसाची नराग्र्यः सैन्यं ह्येतच्छादयत्याशु बाणैः ॥२१॥

21. īkṣasvaitāṁ bhāratīṁ dīryamāṇā;mete kasmādvidravante narendrāḥ ,
vyaktaṁ dhīmānsavyasācī narāgryaḥ; sainyaṁ hyetacchādayatyāśu bāṇaiḥ.

21. īkṣasva etām bhāratīm dīryamāṇām
ete kasmāt vidravante narendrāḥ
vyaktam dhīmān savyasācī narāgryaḥ
sainyam hi etat chādayati āśu bāṇaiḥ

21. etām dīryamāṇām bhāratīm īkṣasva.
ete narendrāḥ kasmāt vidravante? vyaktam hi dhīmān narāgryaḥ savyasācī etat sainyam āśu bāṇaiḥ chādayati.

21. Observe this Bharata army (bhāratī) being torn asunder! Why do these kings flee? Clearly, the intelligent Savyasacin, preeminent among men, is swiftly covering this army with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ईक्षस्व (īkṣasva) - behold, observe, see, look

• एताम् (etām) - this (feminine accusative singular)

• भारतीम् (bhāratīm) - the army of the Bharatas/Kauravas (the Bharata army, relating to the Bharatas)

• दीर्यमाणाम् (dīryamāṇām) - being torn apart, being split, being rent

• एते (ete) - these (masculine nominative plural)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)

• विद्रवन्ते (vidravante) - they flee, they run away

• नरेन्द्राः (narendrāḥ) - kings, lords of men

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, evidently, distinctly

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent, wise, thoughtful

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (Savyasacin (Arjuna, 'he who can shoot with both hands'))

• नराग्र्यः (narāgryaḥ) - foremost among men, chief of men

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• एतत् (etat) - this (neuter accusative singular)

• छादयति (chādayati) - he covers, he overspreads, he conceals

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, instantly

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ईक्षस्व (īkṣasva) - behold, observe, see, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of īkṣ

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

एताम् (etām) - this (feminine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

भारतीम् (bhāratīm) - the army of the Bharatas/Kauravas (the Bharata army, relating to the Bharatas)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāratī

bhāratī - relating to the Bharatas, the Bharata army, speech, Saraswati

दीर्यमाणाम् (dīryamāṇām) - being torn apart, being split, being rent

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīryamāṇa

dīryamāṇa - being torn, being rent, being split, being broken

Present Passive Participle

From the passive stem of root dṝ (to tear, split) with Śānac suffix.

Root: dṝ (class 9)

एते (ete) - these (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, that

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'.

विद्रवन्ते (vidravante) - they flee, they run away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vidrav

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

नरेन्द्राः (narendrāḥ) - kings, lords of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra, chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, evidently, distinctly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root añj with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Functions as an adverb.

धीमान् (dhīmān) - intelligent, wise, thoughtful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful, sagacious

Possessive suffix -mat

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (Savyasacin (Arjuna, 'he who can shoot with both hands'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - Savyasacin (epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'capable of drawing a bow with the left hand', hence ambidextrous in archery)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
• sācin – drawing (a bow), shooter
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root sac (to draw) with suffix -in.
  Root: sac (class 1)

नराग्र्यः (narāgryaḥ) - foremost among men, chief of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narāgrya

narāgrya - foremost among men, chief of men, preeminent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+agrya)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• agrya – foremost, chief, best, excellent
  adjective

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host, military force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military, troop

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (neuter accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

छादयति (chādayati) - he covers, he overspreads, he conceals

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of chāday

causal

Causal stem of root chad (to cover)

Root: chad (class 10)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, instantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow