महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-54, verse-12

एतद्दुःखं सारथे धर्मराजो यन्मां हित्वा यातवाञ्शत्रुमध्ये ।
नैनं जीवन्नापि जानाम्यजीवन्बीभत्सुं वा तन्ममाद्यातिदुःखम् ॥१२॥

12. etadduḥkhaṁ sārathe dharmarājo; yanmāṁ hitvā yātavāñśatrumadhye ,
nainaṁ jīvannāpi jānāmyajīva;nbībhatsuṁ vā tanmamādyātiduḥkham.

12. etat duḥkham sārathe dharmarājaḥ
yat mām hitvā yātavān śatrumadhye na
enam jīvan na api jānāmi ajīvan
bībhatsum vā tat mama adya atiduḥkham

12. sārathe,
etat duḥkham yat dharmarājaḥ mām hitvā śatrumadhye yātavān.
enam jīvan na,
api ajīvan na jānāmi.
vā bībhatsum (api tathā na jānāmi).
tat adya mama atiduḥkham.

12. O charioteer (Sūta), this sorrow is that King Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja), having abandoned me, went into the midst of enemies. I do not know him, whether alive or not alive, nor do I know myself (Bībhatsu) whether I am alive or not. That is my extreme sorrow today.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery

• सारथे (sārathe) - O Kṛṣṇa, acting as charioteer (O charioteer)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (King of righteousness)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), which

• माम् (mām) - me

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left

• यातवान् (yātavān) - he went, has gone

• शत्रुमध्ये (śatrumadhye) - in the midst of enemies

• न (na) - not

• एनम् (enam) - him

• जीवन् (jīvan) - living, alive

• न (na) - not

• अपि (api) - even, also

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

• अजीवन् (ajīvan) - not living, dead

• बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Arjuna (his epithet 'Bībhatsu') (Bībhatsu)

• वा (vā) - or

• तत् (tat) - that

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• अतिदुःखम् (atiduḥkham) - extreme sorrow, great misery

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery

सारथे (sārathe) - O Kṛṣṇa, acting as charioteer (O charioteer)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (King of righteousness)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, a just king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), which

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a subordinating conjunction here.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root 'hā' (or 'hi') with suffix '-ktvā'.

Root: hā (class 3)

यातवान् (yātavān) - he went, has gone

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yā - to go, move, proceed

Past Active Participle

Formed from root 'yā' with suffix '-ktavat'. Masculine singular nominative.

Root: yā (class 2)

शत्रुमध्ये (śatrumadhye) - in the midst of enemies

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śatrumadhya

śatrumadhya - midst of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+madhya)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that one

जीवन् (jīvan) - living, alive

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'jīv' with suffix 'śatṛ'. Masculine singular nominative.

Root: jīv (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

जानामि (jānāmi) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present active first singular form of root 'jñā'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

अजीवन् (ajīvan) - not living, dead

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajīvat

ajīvat - not living, dead

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from 'a' (negation) + root 'jīv' with suffix 'śatṛ'. Masculine singular nominative.

Prefix: a

Root: jīv (class 1)

बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Arjuna (his epithet 'Bībhatsu') (Bībhatsu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - Arjuna (epithet), disgusting, fearful

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, my, me

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

अतिदुःखम् (atiduḥkham) - extreme sorrow, great misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atiduḥkha

atiduḥkha - extreme sorrow, great misery

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+duḥkha)

• ati – very, excessively
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)