महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-20, verse-5

संजय उवाच ।
संसक्तेषु च सैन्येषु युध्यमानेषु भागशः ।
रथमन्यं समास्थाय पुत्रस्तव विशां पते ॥५॥

5. saṁjaya uvāca ,
saṁsakteṣu ca sainyeṣu yudhyamāneṣu bhāgaśaḥ ,
rathamanyaṁ samāsthāya putrastava viśāṁ pate.

5. saṃjaya uvāca saṃsakteṣu ca sainyeṣu yudhyamāneṣu
bhāgaśaḥ ratham anyam samāsthāya putraḥ tava viśām pate

5. saṃjaya uvāca he viśām pate ca sainyeṣu saṃsakteṣu
bhāgaśaḥ yudhyamāneṣu tava putraḥ anyam ratham samāsthāya

5. Saṃjaya said: O lord of men, while the armies were engaged and fighting in various divisions, your son, having mounted another chariot...

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• संसक्तेषु (saṁsakteṣu) - engaged (in battle) (engaged, attached, joined)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, in the troops

• युध्यमानेषु (yudhyamāneṣu) - fighting, warring

• भागशः (bhāgaśaḥ) - in parts, in divisions, partly, individually

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other, different

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken refuge in

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of people

• पते (pate) - O lord (of men) (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (lit. 'complete victory', a proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

root vac (2nd class, parasmaipada), perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

संसक्तेषु (saṁsakteṣu) - engaged (in battle) (engaged, attached, joined)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of saṃsakta

saṁsakta - engaged, attached, clinging to, joined with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sañj (to cling, attach) with prefix sam and past passive participle suffix -ta

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, in the troops

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host, troops, soldier

युध्यमानेषु (yudhyamāneṣu) - fighting, warring

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, warring, engaged in battle

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root yudh (to fight) with present participle suffix -māna, middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

भागशः (bhāgaśaḥ) - in parts, in divisions, partly, individually

(indeclinable)

derived from bhāga (part) with the suffix -śas (denoting 'by way of')

रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ram (class 1)

अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other, different

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - another, other, different

Note: Agrees with ratham

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken refuge in

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam and ā, forming an absolutive suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of people

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Root: viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - O lord (of men) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, ruler