महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-20, verse-30

रथस्थः स तया विद्धो वर्म भित्त्वा महाहवे ।
भृशं संविग्नहृदयः पपात च मुमोह च ॥३०॥

30. rathasthaḥ sa tayā viddho varma bhittvā mahāhave ,
bhṛśaṁ saṁvignahṛdayaḥ papāta ca mumoha ca.

30. rathasthaḥ sa tayā viddhaḥ varma bhittvā mahāhave
bhṛśam saṃvignahṛdayaḥ papāta ca mumoha ca

30. sa mahāhave rathasthaḥ tayā varma bhittvā viddhaḥ
bhṛśam saṃvignahṛdayaḥ papāta ca mumoha ca

30. In the great battle, standing on his chariot, he was struck by that (arrow) which had pierced his armor. With a greatly agitated heart, he fell and fainted.

Words meanings summery:

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

• स (sa) - he, that

• तया (tayā) - by that (arrow/weapon) (by her, by that)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded, struck

• वर्म (varma) - armor, shield

• भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced, having broken, having split

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle, in a great war

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, intensely

• संविग्नहृदयः (saṁvignahṛdayaḥ) - whose heart is agitated, disturbed in mind

• पपात (papāta) - fell down, sank

• च (ca) - and, also

• मुमोह (mumoha) - fainted, became bewildered, lost consciousness

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

Compound formed from 'ratha' and 'stha' (from root sthā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: The form 'sa' is used for 'tad' in masculine nominative singular before a consonant.

तया (tayā) - by that (arrow/weapon) (by her, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to a feminine entity, implicitly an arrow or weapon.

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, wounded, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyadh' (to pierce) with suffix '-kta'.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing 'sa'.

वर्म (varma) - armor, shield

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varman

varman - armor, shield, covering

Note: Object of 'bhittvā'.

भित्त्वा (bhittvā) - having pierced, having broken, having split

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'bhid' (to break, pierce) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle, in a great war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'hava' (battle).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• hava – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hu' (to sacrifice/fight) or 'hve' (to call)
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Indicates location or time.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'bhṛśa' (strong, violent).

Note: Modifies 'saṃvignahṛdayaḥ'.

संविग्नहृदयः (saṁvignahṛdayaḥ) - whose heart is agitated, disturbed in mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvignahṛdaya

saṁvignahṛdaya - whose heart is agitated, disturbed in mind

Bahuvrīhi compound. 'Saṃvigna' (agitated) + 'hṛdaya' (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃvigna+hṛdaya)

• saṃvigna – agitated, disturbed, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vij' with prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vij (class 6)
• hṛdaya – heart, mind, core
  noun (neuter)

पपात (papāta) - fell down, sank

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of pat

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'papāta' and 'mumoha'.

मुमोह (mumoha) - fainted, became bewildered, lost consciousness

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of muh

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: muh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the actions of falling and fainting.