महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-20, verse-11

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा धर्मशीलस्य मारिष ।
शिलाशितेन भल्लेन धनुश्चिच्छेद संयुगे ।
तं नामृष्यत संक्रुद्धो व्यवसायं युधिष्ठिरः ॥११॥

11. tato duryodhano rājā dharmaśīlasya māriṣa ,
śilāśitena bhallena dhanuściccheda saṁyuge ,
taṁ nāmṛṣyata saṁkruddho vyavasāyaṁ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

11. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā dharmaśīlasya
māriṣa śilāśitena bhallena dhanuḥ
ciccheda saṃyuge tam na amṛṣyata
saṃkruddhaḥ vyavasāyam yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

11. tataḥ māriṣa rājā duryodhanaḥ
śilāśitena bhallena saṃyuge dharmaśīlasya
dhanuḥ ciccheda saṃkruddhaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tam vyavasāyam na amṛṣyata

11. Then, O esteemed one, King Duryodhana, with a *bhalla* arrow sharpened on a stone, cut the bow of Yudhishthira, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, in battle. Greatly enraged, Yudhishthira did not tolerate this act.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• धर्मशीलस्य (dharmaśīlasya) - of Yudhishthira, who is known for his righteousness (dharma) (of one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness, of the righteous one)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - an address to the listener/reader (O esteemed one, O respectable one)

• शिलाशितेन (śilāśitena) - sharpened on a stone

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a *bhalla* (kind of arrow)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• तम् (tam) - that act (of breaking the bow) (that, him)

• न (na) - not

• अमृष्यत (amṛṣyata) - he did not tolerate, he was not patient

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - Yudhishthira, greatly enraged (greatly enraged, furious)

• व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - the act of Duryodhana breaking the bow (act, enterprise, resolve, attempt)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, lit. 'difficult to fight')

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मशीलस्य (dharmaśīlasya) - of Yudhishthira, who is known for his righteousness (dharma) (of one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness, of the righteous one)

(compound adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• śīla – nature, character, habit, conduct
  noun (neuter)

मारिष (māriṣa) - an address to the listener/reader (O esteemed one, O respectable one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - respectable person, worthy sir

शिलाशितेन (śilāśitena) - sharpened on a stone

(compound adjective)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √śo/śā ('to sharpen')
  Root: śo (class 4)

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a *bhalla* (kind of arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, spear, weapon

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ciccheda

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √chid

Root: chid (class 7)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - junction, union, battle, war

तम् (tam) - that act (of breaking the bow) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अमृष्यत (amṛṣyata) - he did not tolerate, he was not patient

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of amṛṣyata

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular imperfect middle of √mṛṣ with negation 'a' (augment)

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - Yudhishthira, greatly enraged (greatly enraged, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, furious, angry

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √krudh with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - the act of Duryodhana breaking the bow (act, enterprise, resolve, attempt)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasāya

vyavasāya - enterprise, resolve, determination, act

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (a proper name, lit. 'firm in battle')