महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-20, verse-4

अपराह्णे कथं युद्धमभवल्लोमहर्षणम् ।
तन्ममाचक्ष्व तत्त्वेन कुशलो ह्यसि संजय ॥४॥

4. aparāhṇe kathaṁ yuddhamabhavallomaharṣaṇam ,
tanmamācakṣva tattvena kuśalo hyasi saṁjaya.

4. aparāhṇe katham yuddham abhavat lomaharṣaṇam
tat mama ācakṣva tattvena kuśalaḥ hi asi saṃjaya

4. saṃjaya aparāhṇe lomaharṣaṇam yuddham katham abhavat
tat mama tattvena ācakṣva hi tvam kuśalaḥ asi

4. How did the hair-raising battle occur in the afternoon? O Saṃjaya, describe that to me truthfully, for you are indeed an expert.

Words meanings summery:

• अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon, in the latter part of the day

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, combat

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it occurred, it happened, it became

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps

• तत् (tat) - that (battle) (that, it)

• मम (mama) - to me, my

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, describe, relate

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, accurately, in reality, according to truth

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, expert, clever, auspicious

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• असि (asi) - you are

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

Words meanings and morphology

अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon, in the latter part of the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aparāhṇa

aparāhṇa - afternoon, latter part of the day

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, combat

(noun)

neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, combat

Root: yudh (class 4)

अभवत् (abhavat) - it occurred, it happened, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active Indicative

root bhū (1st class, parasmaipada), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps

(adjective)

neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, thrilling, causing goosebumps or excitement

Agent Noun/Adjective

Derived from loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing excitement/bristling), usually a tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair (on the body), fur
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing excitement, thrilling, making bristle
  adjective
  Causative noun/adjective
  Derived from the causative stem of hṛṣ (to be excited) + -ana suffix
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with yuddham

तत् (tat) - that (battle) (that, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

मम (mama) - to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of mad

mad - I, me

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, describe, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative Middle

root cakṣ (2nd class, atmanepada) with prefix ā, imperative mood, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, accurately, in reality, according to truth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, true state, principle, essence

Note: used adverbially

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, expert, clever, auspicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skilled, expert, clever, auspicious, well-being

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active Indicative

root as (2nd class, parasmaipada), present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (lit. 'complete victory', a proper name)