महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-20, verse-31

ततस्त्वरितमागत्य कृतवर्मा तवात्मजम् ।
प्रत्यपद्यत राजानं मग्नं वै व्यसनार्णवे ॥३१॥

31. tatastvaritamāgatya kṛtavarmā tavātmajam ,
pratyapadyata rājānaṁ magnaṁ vai vyasanārṇave.

31. tataḥ tvaritam āgatya kṛtavarmā tava ātmajam
pratyapadyata rājānam magnam vai vyasanārṇave

31. tataḥ kṛtavarmā tvaritam āgatya vyasanārṇave
magnam tava ātmajam rājānam vai pratyapadyata

31. Then, Kṛtavarmā, having quickly arrived, came to the aid of your son, the king, who was truly submerged in an ocean of distress.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

• त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly, swiftly, hurriedly

• आगत्य (āgatya) - having come, having arrived

• कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (a proper name)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - son

• प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - approached, came to help, obtained, reached

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• मग्नम् (magnam) - submerged, sunk, immersed

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

• व्यसनार्णवे (vyasanārṇave) - in the ocean of distress, in the sea of calamity

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad'.

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly, swiftly, hurriedly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten) with '-kta' suffix. Used adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage, modifying 'āgatya'.

आगत्य (āgatya) - having come, having arrived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā-' and suffix '-lyaP'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used when the action of the absolutives precedes that of the main verb.

कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kṛtavarmā (name of a warrior, son of Hṛdika)

Compound meaning 'one whose armor is made' or 'who has accomplished deeds of valor.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+varman)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• varman – armor, protection
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'pratyapadyata'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Modifies 'ātmajam'.

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, born from oneself

Compound 'ātman' (self) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, ultimate reality
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'pratyapadyata'.

प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - approached, came to help, obtained, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (Laṅ) of pad

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular, middle voice, with prefixes 'prati-' and 'apa-'.

Prefixes: prati+apa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence. 'Praty-apad' often means to attend, come to, reply, come to help.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'ātmajam'.

मग्नम् (magnam) - submerged, sunk, immersed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of magna

magna - submerged, sunk, immersed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'majj' (to sink, dive) with '-kta' suffix.

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'ātmajam'/'rājānam'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, truly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis to the state of being submerged.

व्यसनार्णवे (vyasanārṇave) - in the ocean of distress, in the sea of calamity

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyasanārṇava

vyasanārṇava - ocean of distress/calamity

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'vyasana' (distress) and 'arṇava' (ocean).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyasana+arṇava)

• vyasana – distress, calamity, misfortune, addiction
  noun (neuter)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the state or condition.