महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-71, verse-9

तद्युद्धमभवद्घोरं शरशक्तिसमाकुलम् ।
भीरूणां त्रासजननं शूराणां हर्षवर्धनम् ॥९॥

9. tadyuddhamabhavadghoraṁ śaraśaktisamākulam ,
bhīrūṇāṁ trāsajananaṁ śūrāṇāṁ harṣavardhanam.

9. tat yuddham abhavat ghoram śaraśaktisamākulam
bhīrūṇām trāsajananam śūrāṇām harṣavardhanam

9. tat yuddham śaraśaktisamākulam ghoram abhavat.
(tat yuddham) bhīrūṇām trāsajananam,
śūrāṇām harṣavardhanam (ca abhavat)

9. That battle became dreadful, filled with arrows and spears (śakti); it caused terror for the timid, but increased the joy of the brave.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previously mentioned combat) (that)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (battle, fight, combat)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

• शरशक्तिसमाकुलम् (śaraśaktisamākulam) - filled with arrows and spears (filled with arrows and spears, crowded with arrows and spears)

• भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - for the timid ones (of the timid, for the fearful ones)

• त्रासजननम् (trāsajananam) - causing terror (fear-producing, causing terror)

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - for the brave ones (of the brave, for the heroes)

• हर्षवर्धनम् (harṣavardhanam) - increasing joy (joy-increasing, causing delight)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previously mentioned combat) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'yuddham'

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (battle, fight, combat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (from yudh) used as a noun

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence

अभवत् (abhavat) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful (dreadful, terrible, fearful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable

शरशक्तिसमाकुलम् (śaraśaktisamākulam) - filled with arrows and spears (filled with arrows and spears, crowded with arrows and spears)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaraśaktisamākula

śaraśaktisamākula - filled/crowded with arrows and spears

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śara+śakti+samākula)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śakti – spear, dart; power, energy (śakti)
  noun (feminine)
• samākula – filled with, crowded with, full of, agitated
  adjective
  From sam + ā + kula (root kul 'to accumulate' or 'to crowd')
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'yuddham'

भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - for the timid ones (of the timid, for the fearful ones)

(noun)

Genitive, plural of bhīru

bhīru - timid, fearful, cowardly

From root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Denotes possession or purpose ('for')

त्रासजननम् (trāsajananam) - causing terror (fear-producing, causing terror)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trāsajanana

trāsajanana - causing fear, terror-generating

Agent noun/gerundive from jan with trāsa

From trāsa (fear) + janana (causing, producing)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (trāsa+janana)

• trāsa – fear, terror, alarm
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tras (class 4)
• janana – causing, producing, generating; birth, production
  noun (neuter)
  agent noun
  Derived from root jan (to produce, give birth)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'yuddham'

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - for the brave ones (of the brave, for the heroes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, hero

Note: Denotes possession or purpose ('for')

हर्षवर्धनम् (harṣavardhanam) - increasing joy (joy-increasing, causing delight)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of harṣavardhana

harṣavardhana - increasing joy, gladdening, exhilarating

Agent noun/gerundive from vṛdh with harṣa

From harṣa (joy) + vardhana (increasing, causing to grow)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (harṣa+vardhana)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, growing, causing to grow; promoting
  noun (neuter)
  agent noun
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'yuddham'