महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-71, verse-5

विराटश्च महाराज तावुभौ समरे स्थितौ ।
पराक्रान्तौ पराक्रम्य योधयामास सानुगौ ॥५॥

5. virāṭaśca mahārāja tāvubhau samare sthitau ,
parākrāntau parākramya yodhayāmāsa sānugau.

5. virāṭaḥ ca mahārāja tau ubhau samare sthitau
parākrāntau parākramya yodhayāmāsa sānugau

5. mahārāja virāṭaḥ ca parākramya samare sthitau
parākrāntau sānugau tau ubhau yodhayāmāsa

5. And King Virata, O great king, having displayed his prowess, fought those two (Vinda and Anuvinda) who were mighty, stood firm in battle, and were accompanied by their retinue.

Words meanings summery:

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - King Virata (Virata)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the listener) (O great king)

• तौ (tau) - Vinda and Anuvinda (those two)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both of them (Vinda and Anuvinda) (both)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• स्थितौ (sthitau) - standing firm (standing, situated, firm)

• पराक्रान्तौ (parākrāntau) - mighty, valorous, powerful

• पराक्रम्य (parākramya) - having exerted valor, having attacked, having displayed prowess

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight

• सानुगौ (sānugau) - accompanied by followers, with attendants

Words meanings and morphology

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - King Virata (Virata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - a ruler, sovereign; name of a king

Note: Subject of yodhayāmāsa

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects this action to previous events

महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the listener) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound: mahā (great) + rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  Form of mahat
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

तौ (tau) - Vinda and Anuvinda (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, 3rd person dual

Note: Refers to Vinda and Anuvinda

उभौ (ubhau) - both of them (Vinda and Anuvinda) (both)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Pronoun. Used only in dual

Note: Agrees with tau

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From saṃ (together) + ṛ (to go) + a

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Location where they stood

स्थितौ (sthitau) - standing firm (standing, situated, firm)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tau ubhau

पराक्रान्तौ (parākrāntau) - mighty, valorous, powerful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of parākrānta

parākrānta - valiant, powerful, attacked, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From prefix parā- + root kram (to step, stride) + kta suffix

Compound type : praadi-samāsa (parā+krānta)

• parā – away, back, over
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• krānta – stepped, trodden, attacked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kram + kta suffix
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tau ubhau

पराक्रम्य (parākramya) - having exerted valor, having attacked, having displayed prowess

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix parā- + root kram (to step, exert) + lyap suffix

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of yodhayāmāsa

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yudh

Causative periphrastic perfect

From root yudh (to fight), causative form (yodhaya) in periphrastic perfect active, 3rd person singular

Root: yudh (class 4)

सानुगौ (sānugau) - accompanied by followers, with attendants

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of sānuga

sānuga - accompanied by followers or attendants

Compound: sa- (with) + anuga (follower)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anuga)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• anuga – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix anu- + root gam (to go) + a
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tau ubhau