महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-71, verse-31

विविंशतिश्चित्रसेनो विकर्णश्च तवात्मजः ।
अयोधयन्भीमसेनं महत्या सेनया वृताः ॥३१॥

31. viviṁśatiścitraseno vikarṇaśca tavātmajaḥ ,
ayodhayanbhīmasenaṁ mahatyā senayā vṛtāḥ.

31. vivimśatiḥ ca chitrasenaḥ vikarṇaḥ ca tava
ātmajaḥ ayodhayant bhīmasenam mahatyā senayā vṛtāḥ

31. tava ātmajaḥ vivimśatiḥ ca chitrasenaḥ ca vikarṇaḥ
mahatyā senayā vṛtāḥ bhīmasenam ayodhayant

31. Vivimshati, Chitrasena, and Vikarna, your son (ātmaja), accompanied by a large army, fought against Bhimasena.

Words meanings summery:

• विविम्शतिः (vivimśatiḥ) - Vivimshati (proper name)

• च (ca) - and

• छित्रसेनः (chitrasenaḥ) - Chitrasena (proper name)

• विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarna (proper name)

• च (ca) - and

• तव (tava) - your

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, offspring (ātmaja)

• अयोधयन्त् (ayodhayant) - fought against, caused to fight

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (proper name)

• महत्या (mahatyā) - with a great, by a large

• सेनया (senayā) - with an army, by an army

• वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

Words meanings and morphology

विविम्शतिः (vivimśatiḥ) - Vivimshati (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivimśati

vivimśati - Vivimshati (a son of Dhritarashtra)

Note: One of the three subjects of the verb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction connecting 'Vivimshati' and 'Chitrasena'.

छित्रसेनः (chitrasenaḥ) - Chitrasena (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chitrasena

chitrasena - Chitrasena (a son of Dhritarashtra, or a Gandharva king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chitra+senā)

• chitra – bright, clear, distinct, wonderful
  adjective
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: One of the three subjects of the verb.

विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - Vikarna (a son of Dhritarashtra, known for his wisdom)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+karṇa)

• vi – asunder, apart, distinctively
  indeclinable
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: One of the three subjects of the verb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction connecting 'Chitrasena' and 'Vikarna'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun, referring to Dhritarashtra.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, offspring (ātmaja)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, offspring, born of oneself

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix -ja from root jan- (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Grammatically singular, often used to refer to a single son or perhaps collectively for the group, though less common for lists of multiple individuals.

अयोधयन्त् (ayodhayant) - fought against, caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

causative, imperfect

Causative stem yodhaya- + imperfect ending -ant (3rd plural).

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, agreeing with the plural subjects.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (the second of the Pandavas, son of Vayu)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or karmadhāraya (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable, dreadful
  adjective
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of the verb 'ayodhayant'.

महत्या (mahatyā) - with a great, by a large

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, excellent

Note: Qualifies 'senayā'.

सेनया (senayā) - with an army, by an army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Note: Means by which the subjects were accompanied.

वृताः (vṛtāḥ) - surrounded, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ- (to cover, enclose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)