महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-71, verse-29

ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा मद्रराजानमाहवे ।
विद्ध्वा पञ्चाशता बाणैः पुनर्विव्याध सप्तभिः ॥२९॥

29. tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā madrarājānamāhave ,
viddhvā pañcāśatā bāṇaiḥ punarvivyādha saptabhiḥ.

29. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā madrarājānam āhave
viddhvā pañcāśatā bāṇaiḥ punaḥ vivyādha saptabhiḥ

29. tataḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ āhave madrarājānam
pañcāśatā bāṇaiḥ viddhvā punaḥ saptabhiḥ vivyādha

29. Then King Yudhishthira, having wounded the king of Madra in battle with fifty arrows, struck him again with seven (more).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• मद्रराजानम् (madrarājānam) - the king of Madra

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded

• पञ्चाशता (pañcāśatā) - with fifty

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, wounded

• सप्तभिः (saptabhiḥ) - with seven (arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous event in the narrative.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas, firm in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verbs 'viddhvā' and 'vivyādha'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Appositive to Yudhishthira.

मद्रराजानम् (madrarājānam) - the king of Madra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarājan

madrarājan - king of the Madras (a people/country)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – Madra (a country/people in ancient India)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the actions 'viddhvā' and 'vivyādha'.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, conflict

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Indicates the location of the action.

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded

(indeclinable)

absolutive (indeclinable participle)

From root vyadh (to pierce, strike) with kṛtvā suffix. The form 'viddhvā' is an irregular past participle/absolutive.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Indicates a completed action preceding the main verb.

पञ्चाशता (pañcāśatā) - with fifty

(numeral)

Note: Used with 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Means by which the action of piercing occurred.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates repetition of the action.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck, wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect tense (lit) of root vyadh with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

सप्तभिः (saptabhiḥ) - with seven (arrows)

(numeral)

Note: Implied 'bāṇaiḥ' (arrows).