महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-27, verse-23

कल्पिताभ्यां यथाशास्त्रं रथेन च गजेन च ।
संग्रामे चेरतुर्वीरौ भगदत्तधनंजयौ ॥२३॥

23. kalpitābhyāṁ yathāśāstraṁ rathena ca gajena ca ,
saṁgrāme ceraturvīrau bhagadattadhanaṁjayau.

23. kalpitābhyām yathāśāstram rathena ca gajena ca
saṃgrāme ceratuḥ vīrau bhagadattadhanaṃjayau

23. yathāśāstram kalpitābhyām rathena ca gajena ca
vīrau bhagadattadhanaṃjayau saṃgrāme ceratuḥ

23. The two heroes, Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), engaged in battle, each equipped appropriately according to the scriptures, one with a chariot and the other with an elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• कल्पिताभ्याम् (kalpitābhyām) - by the chariot and elephant that were arrayed/prepared (by the two arrayed, by the two prepared)

• यथाशास्त्रम् (yathāśāstram) - in accordance with established rules of warfare (according to scripture, according to rules)

• रथेन (rathena) - with his (Arjuna's) chariot (by chariot)

• च (ca) - and

• गजेन (gajena) - with his (Bhagadatta's) elephant (by elephant)

• च (ca) - and

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the ongoing battle (in battle, in war)

• चेरतुः (ceratuḥ) - they engaged in battle, they fought (they moved, they performed, they fought)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya, the two valiant warriors (two heroes)

• भगदत्तधनंजयौ (bhagadattadhanaṁjayau) - The two warriors, Bhagadatta and Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) (Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

कल्पिताभ्याम् (kalpitābhyām) - by the chariot and elephant that were arrayed/prepared (by the two arrayed, by the two prepared)

(adjective)

Instrumental, dual of kalpita

kalpita - arrayed, prepared, arranged, fashioned

Past Passive Participle

derived from root kḷp (to arrange, to be fit) with suffix -ta

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rathena' and 'gajena'.

यथाशास्त्रम् (yathāśāstram) - in accordance with established rules of warfare (according to scripture, according to rules)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as, according to) and śāstra (scripture, rule)

Compound type : avyayibhava (yathā+śāstra)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, rule, science
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)

रथेन (rathena) - with his (Arjuna's) chariot (by chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: A particle, usually placed after the word it connects.

गजेन (gajena) - with his (Bhagadatta's) elephant (by elephant)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: A particle, usually placed after the word it connects.

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the ongoing battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

derived from verb root gram (to go) with prefix sam (together) or from grah (to seize)

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

चेरतुः (ceratuḥ) - they engaged in battle, they fought (they moved, they performed, they fought)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past perfect (lit) of car

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Dual form for 'the two heroes'.

वीरौ (vīrau) - Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya, the two valiant warriors (two heroes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Refers to Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya.

भगदत्तधनंजयौ (bhagadattadhanaṁjayau) - The two warriors, Bhagadatta and Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) (Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhagadattadhanaṃjaya

bhagadattadhanaṁjaya - Bhagadatta and Dhanañjaya

Compound type : dvandva (bhagadatta+dhanaṃjaya)

• bhagadatta – Name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• dhanaṃjaya – Name of Arjuna (literally 'conqueror of wealth')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: The dual nominative form of the compound.