महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-27, verse-12

ततो धनंजयो बाणैस्तत एव महारथान् ।
आयाद्विनिघ्नन्कौरव्यान्दहन्कक्षमिवानलः ॥१२॥

12. tato dhanaṁjayo bāṇaistata eva mahārathān ,
āyādvinighnankauravyāndahankakṣamivānalaḥ.

12. tataḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ bāṇaiḥ tataḥ eva mahārathān |
āyāt viniGhnan kauravyān dahan kakṣam iva analaḥ

12. tataḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ bāṇaiḥ tataḥ eva analaḥ kakṣam
iva dahan [san] kauravyān mahārathān viniGhnan āyāt

12. Then Dhanaṃjaya, with his arrows, came exactly like a fire burning dry grass, striking down the Kaurava great warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from there)

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth; Arjuna)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• ततः (tataḥ) - referring to the previous position or action, hence "from that very point" (then, from there)

• एव (eva) - exactly, emphasizing the immediate continuation or intensity (just, only, indeed, exactly)

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - the great warriors among the Kauravas (great warriors, commanders of great chariots)

• आयात् (āyāt) - Arjuna came, approached (he came, he went, he approached)

• विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking down (the Kaurava warriors) (striking down, killing, destroying)

• कौरव्यान् (kauravyān) - the Kauravas (the opposing army) (of the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• दहन् (dahan) - burning, consuming

• कक्षम् (kakṣam) - dry grass (that burns easily) (dry grass, brushwood, forest thicket)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनलः (analaḥ) - fire

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating sequence) (then, from there)

(indeclinable)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth; Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth; fire; Arjuna

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (conquering)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Root: baṇ (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - referring to the previous position or action, hence "from that very point" (then, from there)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - exactly, emphasizing the immediate continuation or intensity (just, only, indeed, exactly)

(indeclinable)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - the great warriors among the Kauravas (great warriors, commanders of great chariots)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, commander of a great chariot

Compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  From root ram (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of viniGhnan.

आयात् (āyāt) - Arjuna came, approached (he came, he went, he approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yā

Imperfect Active

From root yā with prefix ā + augment a- + termination -at

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking down (the Kaurava warriors) (striking down, killing, destroying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniGhnant

han - to strike, kill, destroy

Present Active Participle

From root han with prefixes vi + ni + śatṛ suffix. (ghnan is the present stem of han with prefixes)

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Dhanaṃjayaḥ.

कौरव्यान् (kauravyān) - the Kauravas (the opposing army) (of the Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus

From kuru + ya (taddhita suffix)

Note: Object of viniGhnan.

दहन् (dahan) - burning, consuming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dahant

dah - to burn, consume, torment

Present Active Participle

From root dah + śatṛ suffix

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Dhanaṃjayaḥ (implicitly, in the simile).

कक्षम् (kakṣam) - dry grass (that burns easily) (dry grass, brushwood, forest thicket)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kakṣa

kakṣa - dry grass, brushwood, thicket, armpit, side

Root: kakṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of dahan.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अनलः (analaḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire, god of fire, gastric juice

Compound: a (not) + nala (water, or a particular reed)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+nala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nala – a reed, water (less common)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nal (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile, compared to Dhanaṃjayaḥ.