महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-27, verse-20

यथा नडवनं क्रुद्धः प्रभिन्नः षष्टिहायनः ।
मृद्नीयात्तद्वदायस्तः पार्थोऽमृद्नाच्चमूं तव ॥२०॥

20. yathā naḍavanaṁ kruddhaḥ prabhinnaḥ ṣaṣṭihāyanaḥ ,
mṛdnīyāttadvadāyastaḥ pārtho'mṛdnāccamūṁ tava.

20. yathā naḍavanam kruddhaḥ prabhinnaḥ ṣaṣṭihāyanaḥ
mṛdnīyāt tadvat āyastaḥ pārthaḥ amṛdnāt camūm tava

20. yathā kruddhaḥ prabhinnaḥ ṣaṣṭihāyanaḥ naḍavanam
mṛdnīyāt tadvat āyastaḥ pārthaḥ tava camūm amṛdnāt

20. Just as an enraged, sixty-year-old elephant in rut would crush a reed thicket, similarly Arjuna, having exerted himself greatly, crushed your army.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• नडवनम् (naḍavanam) - a reed thicket (a thicket of reeds)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (referring to the elephant) (enraged, angry)

• प्रभिन्नः (prabhinnaḥ) - in rut (referring to the elephant) (broken, split, in rut (for an elephant))

• षष्टिहायनः (ṣaṣṭihāyanaḥ) - sixty years old (referring to the elephant) (sixty years old)

• मृद्नीयात् (mṛdnīyāt) - would crush (would crush, should crush)

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly (similarly, in that manner)

• आयस्तः (āyastaḥ) - having exerted himself greatly (referring to Arjuna) (wearied, exhausted, strenuous, exerted)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

• अमृद्नात् (amṛdnāt) - crushed (he crushed)

• चमूम् (camūm) - army (army, host)

• तव (tava) - your (speaker is Dhritarashtra, addressed to Sanjaya who is describing the battle) (your)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

नडवनम् (naḍavanam) - a reed thicket (a thicket of reeds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naḍavana

naḍavana - reed forest/thicket

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : Tatpurusha (naḍa+vana)

• naḍa – reed, cane
  noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood, thicket
  noun (neuter)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (referring to the elephant) (enraged, angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry) + 'kta' suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Used substantively here for the elephant.

प्रभिन्नः (prabhinnaḥ) - in rut (referring to the elephant) (broken, split, in rut (for an elephant))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhinna

prabhinna - broken, split, in rut (elephant)

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra-bhid' (to break forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Often used for elephants in a state of fierce excitement.

षष्टिहायनः (ṣaṣṭihāyanaḥ) - sixty years old (referring to the elephant) (sixty years old)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaṣṭihāyana

ṣaṣṭihāyana - having sixty years, sixty years old

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (ṣaṣṭi+hāyana)

• ṣaṣṭi – sixty
  numeral (feminine)
• hāyana – year
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the implied elephant's age.

मृद्नीयात् (mṛdnīyāt) - would crush (would crush, should crush)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi-liṅ) of mṛd

Optative mood

3rd singular, active voice, Optative (Vidhi-liṅ)

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Denotes potential or hypothetical action.

तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly (similarly, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'vat' suffix

आयस्तः (āyastaḥ) - having exerted himself greatly (referring to Arjuna) (wearied, exhausted, strenuous, exerted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyasta

āyasta - wearied, exhausted, striving, eager

Past Passive Participle

From 'ā-yas' (to strive, to exert)

Prefix: ā

Root: yas (class 4)

Note: Used here to describe Arjuna's effort.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)

Derived from Pṛthā with 'aṇ' suffix

अमृद्नात् (amṛdnāt) - crushed (he crushed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of mṛd

Imperfect tense

3rd singular, active voice, Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Action performed by Arjuna.

चमूम् (camūm) - army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host

'ū'-stem feminine noun

तव (tava) - your (speaker is Dhritarashtra, addressed to Sanjaya who is describing the battle) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'

Note: Refers to the listener (Sanjaya, conveying Dhritarashtra's perspective).