महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-27, verse-21

तस्मिन्प्रमथिते सैन्ये भगदत्तो नराधिपः ।
तेन नागेन सहसा धनंजयमुपाद्रवत् ॥२१॥

21. tasminpramathite sainye bhagadatto narādhipaḥ ,
tena nāgena sahasā dhanaṁjayamupādravat.

21. tasmin pramathite sainye bhagadattaḥ narādhipaḥ
tena nāgena sahasā dhanañjayam upādravat

21. tasmin sainye pramathite bhagadattaḥ narādhipaḥ
tena nāgena sahasā dhanañjayam upādravat

21. When that army was routed, King Bhagadatta, with his elephant, suddenly attacked Dhananjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (referring to the army) (in that, on that)

• प्रमथिते (pramathite) - routed (churned, crushed, routed)

• सैन्ये (sainye) - army (in the locative absolute construction) (in the army)

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (Bhagadatta (name of a king))

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king (referring to Bhagadatta) (king of men, ruler)

• तेन (tena) - with that (referring to the elephant) (by that, with that)

• नागेन (nāgena) - with his elephant (by an elephant, with an elephant)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcefully, swiftly)

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - attacked (rushed towards, attacked)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (referring to the army) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Locative singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

प्रमथिते (pramathite) - routed (churned, crushed, routed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pramathita

pramathita - churned, agitated, crushed, routed

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra-math' (to churn, to crush)

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

सैन्ये (sainye) - army (in the locative absolute construction) (in the army)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host of soldiers

Derived from 'senā' (army)

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (Bhagadatta (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - proper name of a king of Pragjyotisha

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king (referring to Bhagadatta) (king of men, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)

तेन (tena) - with that (referring to the elephant) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Instrumental singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'

नागेन (nāgena) - with his elephant (by an elephant, with an elephant)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - snake, elephant

'a'-stem masculine noun

Note: Indicates accompaniment or means.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcefully, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'sahas' (force), used adverbially

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna), fire

Compound: 'dhana' (wealth) + 'jaya' (conqueror)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conqueror, victory
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - attacked (rushed towards, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of dru

Imperfect tense

3rd singular, active voice, Imperfect (Laṅ)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: 'upa' + 'ā' + 'dravat' (from 'dru').