महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-27, verse-18

ततो दश सहस्राणि न्यवर्तन्त धनुष्मताम् ।
मतिं कृत्वा रणे क्रुद्धा वीरा जयपराजये ॥१८॥

18. tato daśa sahasrāṇi nyavartanta dhanuṣmatām ,
matiṁ kṛtvā raṇe kruddhā vīrā jayaparājaye.

18. tataḥ daśa sahasrāṇi nyavartanta dhanuṣmatām
matim kṛtvā raṇe kruddhāḥ vīrāḥ jayaparājaye

18. tataḥ kruddhāḥ vīrāḥ dhanuṣmatām daśa sahasrāṇi
raṇe jayaparājaye matim kṛtvā nyavartanta

18. Then, ten thousand enraged warriors, who were archers, retreated, having made their resolve in battle concerning victory or defeat.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they retreated (they retreated, they turned back)

• धनुष्मताम् (dhanuṣmatām) - of the archers (of those possessing bows, of archers)

• मतिम् (matim) - resolve (thought, intention, resolve)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made (having done, having made)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - warriors (heroes, warriors)

• जयपराजये (jayaparājaye) - regarding victory or defeat (in victory or defeat)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'tas' (ablative suffix)

दश (daśa) - ten

(adjective)

plural of daśa

daśa - ten

Note: Acts as an adjective, typically takes a plural noun.

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Here nominative plural.

न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they retreated (they retreated, they turned back)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (Laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect tense

3rd plural, Middle Voice, Imperfect (Laṅ)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: 'ni' + 'avartanta' from 'vṛt'.

धनुष्मताम् (dhanuṣmatām) - of the archers (of those possessing bows, of archers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhanuṣmat

dhanuṣmat - possessing a bow, an archer

From 'dhanus' (bow) + 'matup' suffix

Note: Relates to 'vīrāḥ'.

मतिम् (matim) - resolve (thought, intention, resolve)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, mind, intention, opinion

From root 'man' (to think)

Root: man

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with 'ktvā' suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

Root: raṇ

क्रुद्धाः (kruddhāḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry) + 'kta' suffix

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'vīrāḥ'.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - warriors (heroes, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Subject of 'nyavartanta'.

जयपराजये (jayaparājaye) - regarding victory or defeat (in victory or defeat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jayaparājaya

jayaparājaya - victory and defeat

Dvandva compound

Compound type : Dvandva (jaya+parājaya)

• jaya – victory
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• parājaya – defeat
  noun (masculine)
  From 'parā' + root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to the context or object of 'matiṃ kṛtvā'.