महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-26, verse-23

विप्रविद्धकुथावल्गाश्छिन्नभाण्डाः परासवः ।
सारोहास्तुरगाः पेतुर्मथिताः पार्थमार्गणैः ॥२३॥

23. vipraviddhakuthāvalgāśchinnabhāṇḍāḥ parāsavaḥ ,
sārohāsturagāḥ peturmathitāḥ pārthamārgaṇaiḥ.

23. vipraviddhakuthāvalgāḥ chinnabhāṇḍāḥ parāsavaḥ
sārohāḥ turagāḥ petuḥ mathitāḥ pārthamārgaṇaiḥ

23. turagāḥ vipraviddhakuthāvalgāḥ chinnabhāṇḍāḥ
parāsavaḥ sārohāḥ pārthamārgaṇaiḥ mathitāḥ petuḥ

23. The horses, with their saddlecloths and reins thrown off and their equipment shattered, fell lifeless along with their riders, having been struck down by Arjuna's arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• विप्रविद्धकुथावल्गाः (vipraviddhakuthāvalgāḥ) - with their saddlecloths and reins thrown off

• छिन्नभाण्डाः (chinnabhāṇḍāḥ) - with broken equipment

• परासवः (parāsavaḥ) - lifeless, dead

• सारोहाः (sārohāḥ) - along with their riders

• तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell

• मथिताः (mathitāḥ) - struck down, crushed

• पार्थमार्गणैः (pārthamārgaṇaiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

विप्रविद्धकुथावल्गाः (vipraviddhakuthāvalgāḥ) - with their saddlecloths and reins thrown off

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipraviddhakuthāvalga

vipraviddhakuthāvalga - having saddlecloths and reins thrown off

Bahuvrihi compound: vipra-viddha (thrown off) + kuthāvalga (saddlecloth and rein)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vipraviddha+kuthāvalga)

• vipraviddha – thrown off, scattered
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vi- + √vyadh (to pierce, strike)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vyadh (class 4)
• kuthāvalga – saddlecloth and rein
  noun (masculine)
  Dvandva compound: kuthā (saddlecloth) and valga (rein)

Note: Describes 'turagāḥ'.

छिन्नभाण्डाः (chinnabhāṇḍāḥ) - with broken equipment

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of chinnabhāṇḍa

chinnabhāṇḍa - having broken equipment

Bahuvrihi compound: chinna (broken) + bhāṇḍa (equipment)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (chinna+bhāṇḍa)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √chid (to cut, break)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• bhāṇḍa – equipment, goods, wares
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'turagāḥ'.

परासवः (parāsavaḥ) - lifeless, dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parāsu

parāsu - having departed life, lifeless, dead

Bahuvrihi compound: para (departed) + asu (life, breath)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (para+asu)

• para – gone, departed, lost
  adjective (masculine)
• asu – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes 'turagāḥ'.

सारोहाः (sārohāḥ) - along with their riders

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāroha

sāroha - accompanied by a rider

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + āroha (rider)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+āroha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with'
• āroha – rider, one who ascends
  noun (masculine)
  from ā- + √ruh (to grow, ascend)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Describes 'turagāḥ'.

तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse (one that goes swiftly)

from √tur (to hurry) + √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'petuḥ'.

पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of pat

Perfect tense (Lit)

3rd person plural active perfect of √pat

Root: pat (class 1)

मथिताः (mathitāḥ) - struck down, crushed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mathita

mathita - churned, crushed, distressed, killed

Past Passive Participle

from √math (to churn, crush)

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Describes 'turagāḥ'.

पार्थमार्गणैः (pārthamārgaṇaiḥ) - by Arjuna's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthamārgaṇa

pārthamārgaṇa - Arjuna's arrow

Tatpurusha compound: pārtha (Arjuna) + mārgaṇa (arrow)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pārtha+mārgaṇa)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
• mārgaṇa – arrow, seeker, beggar
  noun (masculine)
  from √mṛg (to seek)
  Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Agent of action 'mathitāḥ'.