महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-26, verse-15

स संनिवृत्तः सहसा कपिप्रवरकेतनः ।
एको रथसहस्राणि निहन्तुं वासवी रणे ॥१५॥

15. sa saṁnivṛttaḥ sahasā kapipravaraketanaḥ ,
eko rathasahasrāṇi nihantuṁ vāsavī raṇe.

15. saḥ saṃnivṛttaḥ sahasā kapipravaraketanaḥ
ekaḥ rathasahasrāṇi nihantum vāsavī raṇe

15. vāsavī kapipravaraketanaḥ saḥ sahasā
saṃnivṛttaḥ ekaḥ raṇe rathasahasrāṇi nihantum

15. Arjuna, the son of Indra (Vāsavī), whose banner was marked by the foremost of monkeys, suddenly turned back alone to destroy thousands of chariots in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• संनिवृत्तः (saṁnivṛttaḥ) - returned (to the battle) (returned, turned back, ceased)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

• कपिप्रवरकेतनः (kapipravaraketanaḥ) - Arjuna, whose banner (ketana) bears the foremost of monkeys (kapipravara), referring to Hanuman (he whose banner has the foremost of monkeys)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, single, alone)

• रथसहस्राणि (rathasahasrāṇi) - thousands of chariots

• निहन्तुम् (nihantum) - to destroy, to kill

• वासवी (vāsavī) - Arjuna, as the son of Indra (son of Vasava (Indra))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

संनिवृत्तः (saṁnivṛttaḥ) - returned (to the battle) (returned, turned back, ceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased, stopped

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt- with prefixes sam- and ni-

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of sahas (strength, power) used as an adverb

कपिप्रवरकेतनः (kapipravaraketanaḥ) - Arjuna, whose banner (ketana) bears the foremost of monkeys (kapipravara), referring to Hanuman (he whose banner has the foremost of monkeys)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapipravaraketana

kapipravaraketana - having the foremost of monkeys as a banner (epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kapi+pravara+ketana)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• pravara – chief, principal, excellent, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
• ketana – banner, flag, sign, mark
  noun (neuter)

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, single, alone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

रथसहस्राणि (rathasahasrāṇi) - thousands of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rathasahasra

rathasahasra - a thousand chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+sahasra)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

निहन्तुम् (nihantum) - to destroy, to kill

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root han- with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Dative infinitive

वासवी (vāsavī) - Arjuna, as the son of Indra (son of Vasava (Indra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsavi

vāsavi - son of Vasava (Indra), i.e., Arjuna

Derived from Vasava (an epithet of Indra)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight