महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-5

महेष्वासं नरव्याघ्रं द्विषतामघवर्धनम् ।
कृतज्ञं सत्यनिरतं दुर्योधनहितैषिणम् ॥५॥

5. maheṣvāsaṁ naravyāghraṁ dviṣatāmaghavardhanam ,
kṛtajñaṁ satyanirataṁ duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam.

5. maheṣvāsam naravyāghram dviṣatām aghavardhanam
kṛtajñam satyaniratam duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam

5. maheṣvāsam naravyāghram dviṣatām aghavardhanam
kṛtajñam satyaniratam duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam

5. A great archer, a tiger among men, who intensifies the suffering of his foes, grateful, devoted to truth, and wishing well for Duryodhana.

Words meanings summery:

• महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - great archer, having a great bow

• नरव्याघ्रम् (naravyāghram) - tiger among men, foremost of men, excellent man

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of those who hate

• अघवर्धनम् (aghavardhanam) - increasing evil/distress, causing harm/suffering

• कृतज्ञम् (kṛtajñam) - grateful, knowing what has been done, acknowledging benefits

• सत्यनिरतम् (satyaniratam) - devoted to truth, truthful, diligent in truth

• दुर्योधनहितैषिणम् (duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam) - wishing well for Duryodhana, benevolent to Duryodhana, desiring the welfare of Duryodhana

Words meanings and morphology

महेष्वासम् (maheṣvāsam) - great archer, having a great bow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow (mahā-īṣvāsa)

Compound. From 'mahā' (great) + 'īṣvāsa' (bow, archer).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+īṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Base form of 'mahat'.
• īṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'droṇam'.

नरव्याघ्रम् (naravyāghram) - tiger among men, foremost of men, excellent man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, foremost of men, excellent man

Compound: 'nara' (man) + 'vyāghra' (tiger).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'droṇam'.

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of enemies, of those who hate

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating, enemy, adversary

Present Active Participle

From root 'dviṣ' (to hate) + 'śatṛ' (present active participle suffix). Used substantively.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Possessive, governing 'aghavardhanam'.

अघवर्धनम् (aghavardhanam) - increasing evil/distress, causing harm/suffering

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aghavardhana

aghavardhana - increasing evil, causing distress/suffering

Agent Noun

Compound: 'agha' (evil, distress) + 'vardhana' (increasing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (agha+vardhana)

• agha – evil, sin, distress, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• vardhana – increasing, growing, promoting
  noun (neuter)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase) + 'ana' (agent/noun suffix).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'droṇam'.

कृतज्ञम् (kṛtajñam) - grateful, knowing what has been done, acknowledging benefits

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, knowing what has been done, acknowledging benefits

Compound: 'kṛta' (done) + 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' (P.P.P. suffix).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'jñā' (to know) + 'ka' (suffix).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with implied 'droṇam'.

सत्यनिरतम् (satyaniratam) - devoted to truth, truthful, diligent in truth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyanirata

satyanirata - devoted to truth, diligent in truth

Compound: 'satya' (truth) + 'nirata' (delighted in, devoted to).

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+nirata)

• satya – truth, true
  noun (neuter)
  From 'sat' (being) + 'ya' (suffix).
  Root: as (class 2)
• nirata – devoted to, engaged in, delighted in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ni' + root 'ram' (to delight) + 'kta' (P.P.P. suffix).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'droṇam'.

दुर्योधनहितैषिणम् (duryodhanahitaiṣiṇam) - wishing well for Duryodhana, benevolent to Duryodhana, desiring the welfare of Duryodhana

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhanahitaiṣin

duryodhanahitaiṣin - wishing well for Duryodhana, benevolent to Duryodhana

Agent Noun

Compound: 'duryodhana' + 'hita' (welfare) + 'eṣin' (desiring).

Compound type : tatpurusha (duryodhana+hita+eṣin)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper noun), one who is difficult to fight against
  proper noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good; placed, fit
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā' (to place) + 'kta' (P.P.P. suffix).
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – desiring, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) + 'ini' (agent suffix).
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'droṇam'.