महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-14

संनिरुद्धाश्च कौरव्यैर्द्रोणेन च महात्मना ।
एतेऽन्ये मण्डलीभूताः पावकेनेव कुञ्जराः ॥१४॥

14. saṁniruddhāśca kauravyairdroṇena ca mahātmanā ,
ete'nye maṇḍalībhūtāḥ pāvakeneva kuñjarāḥ.

14. samniruddhāḥ ca kauravyaiḥ droṇena ca mahātmanā
ete anye maṇḍalībhūtāḥ pāvakena iva kuñjarāḥ

14. ete anye kauravyaiḥ ca mahātmanā droṇena ca
samniruddhāḥ pāvakena iva kuñjarāḥ maṇḍalībhūtāḥ

14. And these others, surrounded by the Kauravas and the great-souled (mahātman) Droṇa, formed a circle, like elephants encircled by fire.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्निरुद्धाः (samniruddhāḥ) - surrounded, restrained, besieged

• च (ca) - and, also

• कौरव्यैः (kauravyaiḥ) - by the Kauravas, by the descendants of Kuru

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Droṇa

• च (ca) - and, also

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - referring to Droṇa (by the great-souled, by the noble, by the magnanimous)

• एते (ete) - these

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• मण्डलीभूताः (maṇḍalībhūtāḥ) - having formed a circle, encircled

• पावकेन (pāvakena) - by fire, by purifier

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

Words meanings and morphology

सम्निरुद्धाः (samniruddhāḥ) - surrounded, restrained, besieged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samniruddha

samniruddha - surrounded, restrained, besieged, obstructed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefixes sam- and ni- and root rudh (to obstruct, block).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: rudh (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कौरव्यैः (kauravyaiḥ) - by the Kauravas, by the descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kauravya

kauravya - a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Derived from Kuru.

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Droṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a proper name, usually referring to Droṇācārya)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - referring to Droṇa (by the great-souled, by the noble, by the magnanimous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, (having a great (ātman))

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Droṇena.

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Refers to other warriors on the battlefield.

मण्डलीभूताः (maṇḍalībhūtāḥ) - having formed a circle, encircled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maṇḍalībhūta

maṇḍalībhūta - formed into a circle, become a circle

Past Passive Participle

Compound: maṇḍalī (circle) + bhūta (become, formed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (maṇḍalī+bhūta)

• maṇḍalī – circle, disk, orb
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, happened, existing, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ete anye.

पावकेन (pāvakena) - by fire, by purifier

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifier, Agni

From root pū (to purify).

Root: pū (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जराः (kuñjarāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

Literally 'one who sports in mountain caves (kuñja)'.