महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-3

स हि वीरो नरः सूत यो भग्नेषु निवर्तते ।
अहो नासीत्पुमान्कश्चिद्दृष्ट्वा द्रोणं व्यवस्थितम् ॥३॥

3. sa hi vīro naraḥ sūta yo bhagneṣu nivartate ,
aho nāsītpumānkaściddṛṣṭvā droṇaṁ vyavasthitam.

3. saḥ hi vīraḥ naraḥ sūta yaḥ bhagneṣu nivartate |
aho na āsīt pumān kaścit dṛṣṭvā droṇam vyavasthitam

3. sūta hi yaḥ bhagneṣu nivartate saḥ vīraḥ naraḥ aho
droṇam vyavasthitam dṛṣṭvā kaścit pumān na āsīt

3. Indeed, O charioteer, he is the heroic man who stands firm amidst the broken ranks. Alas, there was no man who, having seen Drona firmly established, [dared to face him].

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• सूत (sūta) - charioteer

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - among the broken, among the defeated

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - stands firm (i.e., does not retreat) (returns, turns back, stands firm, retreats)

• अहो (aho) - oh, alas, ah

• न (na) - not, no

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• पुमान् (pumān) - man, person

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona, the teacher of the Kauravas and Pandavas. (Drona)

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing firm, arrayed, situated, established

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphatic particle.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty man

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Qualifies 'vīraḥ' or serves as a core subject.

सूत (sūta) - charioteer

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald

Note: Direct address.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun for 'saḥ'.

भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - among the broken, among the defeated

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, fled

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhañj' (to break) + 'kta' (P.P.P. suffix).

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Refers to soldiers in battle.

निवर्तते (nivartate) - stands firm (i.e., does not retreat) (returns, turns back, stands firm, retreats)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nivartate

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From 'ni' + root 'vṛt' (to turn).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

अहो (aho) - oh, alas, ah

(indeclinable)

Interjection.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'āsīt'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ās

Imperfect Tense, Active Voice

From root 'as' (to be). laṅ-lakāra, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

पुमान् (pumān) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

Root 'puṃs', nominative singular 'pumān'.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain

Indefinite pronoun, from 'kim' + 'cit'.

Note: Accompanies 'pumān'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + 'ktvā' (absolutive suffix).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied action of the subject ('pumān').

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona, the teacher of the Kauravas and Pandavas. (Drona)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper noun); a measure of capacity; a kind of bird

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing firm, arrayed, situated, established

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - standing firm, established, arranged, fixed, arrayed

Past Passive Participle

From 'vi' + 'ava' + root 'sthā' (to stand) + 'kta' (P.P.P. suffix).

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'droṇam'.