महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-28

संजय उवाच ।
राधेयस्य वचः श्रुत्वा राजा दुर्योधनस्तदा ।
भ्रातृभिः सहितो राजन्प्रायाद्द्रोणरथं प्रति ॥२८॥

28. saṁjaya uvāca ,
rādheyasya vacaḥ śrutvā rājā duryodhanastadā ,
bhrātṛbhiḥ sahito rājanprāyāddroṇarathaṁ prati.

28. saṃjayaḥ uvāca rādheyasya vacaḥ śrutvā rājā duryodhanaḥ
tadā bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitaḥ rājan prāyāt droṇaratham prati

28. saṃjayaḥ uvāca.
rājan,
tadā rādheyasya vacaḥ śrutvā rājā duryodhanaḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ sahitaḥ droṇaratham prati prāyāt.

28. O King (Dhritarashtra), Saṃjaya said: Then, having heard the words of Radheya (Karna), King Duryodhana, accompanied by his brothers, set off towards Drona's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Radheya (Karna)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech (word, speech, saying)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his brothers (by/with brothers)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra! (O King!)

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - set off (he went, set off, departed)

• द्रोणरथम् (droṇaratham) - Drona's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, in front of)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (a name), victory, triumphant

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, parasmaipada

From root vac. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Radheya (Karna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Radhā; Karna

Patronymic.

Note: Possessive of 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Derived from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'prāyāt'.

राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'duryodhanaḥ'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a name), difficult to fight

From dur (difficult) + yodhana (fighting).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root yudh.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prāyāt'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) + 'dā' suffix.

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - with his brothers (by/with brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

r-stem noun.

Note: Expresses accompaniment.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, connected

Past Passive Participle

From sa (with) + hita (placed, joined).

Note: Qualifies 'duryodhanaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra! (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - set off (he went, set off, departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of prā-i

imperfect tense, parasmaipada

From root i (to go) with prefix pra-ā.

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

द्रोणरथम् (droṇaratham) - Drona's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaratha

droṇaratha - Drona's chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+ratha)

• droṇa – Drona
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: dru (class 1)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of motion with 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, in front of)

(indeclinable)

Governs accusative case.