महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-13

अर्द्यमानाः शरैरेते रुक्मपुङ्खैर्महात्मना ।
पथा नैकेन गच्छन्ति घूर्णमानास्ततस्ततः ॥१३॥

13. ardyamānāḥ śarairete rukmapuṅkhairmahātmanā ,
pathā naikena gacchanti ghūrṇamānāstatastataḥ.

13. ardyamānāḥ śaraiḥ ete rukmapuṅkhaiḥ mahātmanā
pathā na ekena gacchanti ghūrṇamānāḥ tataḥ tataḥ

13. ete mahātmanā rukmapuṅkhaiḥ śaraiḥ ardyamānāḥ
ghūrṇamānāḥ ekena pathā na gacchanti tataḥ tataḥ

13. These [Pañcālas], being afflicted by the golden-shafted arrows of the great-souled one (Droṇa), are swaying in all directions, unable to maintain a single path.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्द्यमानाः (ardyamānāḥ) - being afflicted, being oppressed

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• एते (ete) - these Pañcālas (these)

• रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden shafts/feathers

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Droṇa (by the great-souled one (Droṇa))

• पथा (pathā) - by the path, by the way

• न (na) - not, no

• एकेन (ekena) - by one, by a single

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they move

• घूर्णमानाः (ghūrṇamānāḥ) - swaying, reeling, whirling

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, hither

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, thither

Words meanings and morphology

अर्द्यमानाः (ardyamānāḥ) - being afflicted, being oppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardyamāna

ardyamāna - being afflicted, being oppressed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root ard (to afflict, oppress) in passive voice, with suffix -śānac.

Root: ard

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

एते (ete) - these Pañcālas (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden shafts/feathers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rukmapuṅkha

rukmapuṅkha - having golden shafts/feathers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+puṅkha)

• rukma – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – shaft, feather (of an arrow)
  noun (masculine)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Droṇa (by the great-souled one (Droṇa))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

पथा (pathā) - by the path, by the way

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एकेन (ekena) - by one, by a single

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they move

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active 3rd Person Plural

Derived from root gam (class 1, gaccha-stem).

Root: gam (class 1)

घूर्णमानाः (ghūrṇamānāḥ) - swaying, reeling, whirling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghūrṇamāna

ghūrṇamāna - swaying, reeling, whirling

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root ghūrṇ (to reel, whirl) in passive voice, with suffix -śānac.

Root: ghūrṇ (class 10)

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, hither

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, then, thither

(indeclinable)