महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-21, verse-10

तान्पश्यन्सैन्यमध्यस्थो राजा स्वजनसंवृतः ।
दुर्योधनोऽब्रवीत्कर्णं प्रहृष्टः प्रहसन्निव ॥१०॥

10. tānpaśyansainyamadhyastho rājā svajanasaṁvṛtaḥ ,
duryodhano'bravītkarṇaṁ prahṛṣṭaḥ prahasanniva.

10. tān paśyan sainyamadhyasthaḥ rājā svajanasamvṛtaḥ
duryodhanaḥ abravīt karṇaṃ prahṛṣṭaḥ prahasan iva

10. rājā svajanasamvṛtaḥ sainyamadhyasthaḥ duryodhanaḥ
tān paśyan prahṛṣṭaḥ prahasan iva karṇaṃ abravīt

10. Observing them, King Duryodhana, situated amidst his army and surrounded by his kinsmen, spoke to Karṇa, greatly delighted and as if smiling.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, observing

• सैन्यमध्यस्थः (sainyamadhyasthaḥ) - situated in the middle of the army

• राजा (rājā) - king

• स्वजनसम्वृतः (svajanasamvṛtaḥ) - surrounded by his own people/kinsmen

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of a king)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - to Karṇa

• प्रहृष्टः (prahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly pleased, delighted

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see), class 1, with present participle suffix -śatṛ.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सैन्यमध्यस्थः (sainyamadhyasthaḥ) - situated in the middle of the army

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sainyamadhyastha

sainyamadhyastha - situated in the middle of the army

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (sainya+madhya+stha)

• sainya – army, military
  noun (neuter)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand), class 1.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

स्वजनसम्वृतः (svajanasamvṛtaḥ) - surrounded by his own people/kinsmen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svajanasamvṛta

svajanasamvṛta - surrounded by one's own people

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (svajana+samvṛta)

• svajana – own people, kinsmen
  noun (masculine)
• samvṛta – surrounded, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect Active 3rd Person Singular

Imperfect form of root bru (class 2).

Root: bru (class 2)

कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - to Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a proper name); ear

प्रहृष्टः (prahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly pleased, delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, pleased, joyful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ (to rejoice) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root has (to laugh) with prefix pra, with present participle suffix -śatṛ.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)