महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-47, verse-22

तेषां श्रुत्वा तु हृष्टानां कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥२२॥

22. teṣāṁ śrutvā tu hṛṣṭānāṁ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ ,
siṁhanādaṁ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān.

22. teṣām śrutvā tu hṛṣṭānām kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ
siṃhanādam vinadya uccaiḥ śaṅkham dadhmau pratāpavān

22. tu teṣām hṛṣṭānām śrutvā pratāpavān kuruvṛddhaḥ
pitāmahaḥ uccaiḥ siṃhanādam vinadya śaṅkham dadhmau

22. But hearing the joyful sounds of theirs, the powerful grandfather, the elder of the Kurus (Bhishma), roared loudly with a lion's roar and then blew his conch shell.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the Kaurava warriors. (their, of them, of those)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - Bhishma having heard the sounds. (having heard)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• हृष्टानाम् (hṛṣṭānām) - Of the joyful Kaurava warriors. (of the joyful ones, of the delighted)

• कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - Bhishma. (the elder of the Kurus)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Bhishma, the grandfather of the Kurus. (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

• सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - a lion's roar

• विनद्य (vinadya) - Bhishma having made a lion's roar. (having roared, having made a sound)

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - Roared loudly. (loudly, high, elevated)

• शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch shell

• दध्मौ (dadhmau) - Bhishma blew his conch. (he blew)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - Bhishma, the powerful one. (powerful, glorious, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the Kaurava warriors. (their, of them, of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'hṛṣṭānām'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - Bhishma having heard the sounds. (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'. Does not decline.

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

हृष्टानाम् (hṛṣṭānām) - Of the joyful Kaurava warriors. (of the joyful ones, of the delighted)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, pleased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hṛṣ' (to thrill, to rejoice) with suffix -ta.

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - Bhishma. (the elder of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuruvṛddha

kuruvṛddha - elder of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+vṛddha)

• kuru – Kuru (a clan/dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛdh' (to grow) with suffix -ta.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'dadhmau'.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Bhishma, the grandfather of the Kurus. (grandfather, paternal grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather

Note: Appositive to 'kuruvṛddhaḥ'.

सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - a lion's roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar, war cry

Compound type : tatpurusha (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nad' (to sound).
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vinadya'.

विनद्य (vinadya) - Bhishma having made a lion's roar. (having roared, having made a sound)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'nad' (to sound) with prefix 'vi' and suffix '-ya' (after prefix).

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - Roared loudly. (loudly, high, elevated)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'vinadya'.

शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch shell

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch, conch shell

Note: Object of 'dadhmau'.

दध्मौ (dadhmau) - Bhishma blew his conch. (he blew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dhmā

Root 'dhmā' (class 1, 2, 3), reduplicated perfect form.

Root: dhmā (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - Bhishma, the powerful one. (powerful, glorious, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, glorious, mighty

Possessive adjective formed from 'pratāpa' (power, glory) + '-vat' suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ'.