महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-42, verse-20

तस्मिन्प्रथमसंमर्दे भीमज्यातलनिस्वने ।
तावकानां परेषां च नासीत्कश्चित्पराङ्मुखः ॥२०॥

20. tasminprathamasaṁmarde bhīmajyātalanisvane ,
tāvakānāṁ pareṣāṁ ca nāsītkaścitparāṅmukhaḥ.

20. tasmin prathama-saṃmarde bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvane
tāvakānām pareṣām ca na āsīt kaścit parāṅmukhaḥ

20. tasmin prathama-saṃmarde bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvane
tāvakānām ca pareṣām kaścit parāṅmukhaḥ na āsīt

20. In that initial fierce battle, marked by the terrible sound of twanging bowstrings and hand-slaps (from drawing the bow), no one, neither from your side nor from the enemy's, turned their back (in retreat).

20. בהתנגשות הראשונה ההיא, שבה נשמע הקול הנורא של מיתרי הקשתות ושל מכות כפות הידיים, לא היה אף אחד משלך ומהאויבים שהפנה עורף.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• प्रथम-संमर्दे (prathama-saṁmarde) - in the first encounter, in the initial clash

• भीम-ज्या-तल-निस्वने (bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvane) - in the terrifying sound of bowstrings and palms/bow-backs

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your people, of yours

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of enemies

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• न (na) - not, no

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, a certain person

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turning away (in retreat), fleeing (turning away, fleeing, averse, having the face turned away)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (pronoun), he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'prathama-saṃmarde' and 'bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvane'

प्रथम-संमर्दे (prathama-saṁmarde) - in the first encounter, in the initial clash

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prathama-saṃmarda

prathama-saṁmarda - first encounter, initial clash, primary conflict

Compound type : karmadhāraya (prathama+saṃmarda)

• prathama – first, foremost, initial
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'prā' (before) or 'pra' (forward)
• saṃmarda – clash, encounter, conflict, crushing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sam-√mṛd (to crush, to rub together)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

भीम-ज्या-तल-निस्वने (bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvane) - in the terrifying sound of bowstrings and palms/bow-backs

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvana

bhīma-jyā-tala-nisvana - terrifying sound of bowstrings and hand-slaps (from drawing the bow)

Compound type : dvandva / tatpuruṣa (bhīma+jyā+tala+nisvana)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)
• tala – palm of the hand, sole of the foot, surface, flat part (e.g., of a bow)
  noun (masculine)
• nisvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from nis-√svan (to sound)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: svan (class 1)

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your people, of yours

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, of your people

Derived from 'tava' (your) + suffix -aka

Note: Referring to Dhritarashtra's side (Kauravas)

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of enemies

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

Note: Referring to the enemy's side (Pandavas)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √as

Root: as (class 2)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, a certain person

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, a certain person, anything

Combination of interrogative 'kaḥ' and indeclinable 'cid'

Note: The 'c' is due to external sandhi, original is 'kaścid'

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - turning away (in retreat), fleeing (turning away, fleeing, averse, having the face turned away)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, fleeing, retreating

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, backward, averted
  adjective
  Derived from 'parā' (away, back) + √añc (to bend, turn)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, chief
  noun (neuter)

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