महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-42, verse-21

लाघवं द्रोणशिष्याणामपश्यं भरतर्षभ ।
निमित्तवेधिनां राजञ्शरानुत्सृजतां भृशम् ॥२१॥

21. lāghavaṁ droṇaśiṣyāṇāmapaśyaṁ bharatarṣabha ,
nimittavedhināṁ rājañśarānutsṛjatāṁ bhṛśam.

21. lāghavam droṇa-śiṣyāṇām apaśyam bharatarṣabha
nimittavedhinām rājan śarān utsṛjatām bhṛśam

21. bharatarṣabha rājan droṇa-śiṣyāṇām nimittavedhinām
bhṛśam śarān utsṛjatām lāghavam apaśyam

21. O best of Bharatas, O King, I witnessed the great skill of Drona's pupils, who were repeatedly discharging arrows and hitting their marks.

21. הו מלך, אדם דגול משושלת בְּהַרַטַה, ראיתי את זריזותם של תלמידי דְרוֹנַה, שפגעו במטרות ושיגרו חיצים בלי הפסק.

Words meanings summery:

• लाघवम् (lāghavam) - lightness, skill, dexterity, quickness

• द्रोण-शिष्याणाम् (droṇa-śiṣyāṇām) - of Drona's pupils, of the disciples of Drona

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas

• निमित्तवेधिनाम् (nimittavedhinām) - of those who hit the mark, of target-piercers

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• उत्सृजताम् (utsṛjatām) - of those releasing, of those discharging

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, vehemently, repeatedly, excessively

Words meanings and morphology

लाघवम् (lāghavam) - lightness, skill, dexterity, quickness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, nimbleness, skill, dexterity, quickness, agility

Derived from 'laghu' (light, quick) with the taddhita suffix -a (bhāve)

द्रोण-शिष्याणाम् (droṇa-śiṣyāṇām) - of Drona's pupils, of the disciples of Drona

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of droṇa-śiṣya

droṇa-śiṣya - Drona's pupil, disciple of Drona

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (droṇa+śiṣya)

• droṇa – Drona (proper name of the revered guru and warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śiṣya – pupil, student, disciple
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √śās (to teach, to instruct) with suffix -ya
  Root: śās (class 2)

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I beheld

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas (lit. bull of Bharatas)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra

निमित्तवेधिनाम् (nimittavedhinām) - of those who hit the mark, of target-piercers

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nimittavedhin

nimittavedhin - hitting the mark, piercing the target

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nimitta+vedhin)

• nimitta – mark, target, sign, cause
  noun (neuter)
• vedhin – piercing, hitting, striking
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root
  Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce, strike) with suffix -in
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'droṇa-śiṣyāṇām'

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

उत्सृजताम् (utsṛjatām) - of those releasing, of those discharging

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of utsṛjat

utsṛjat - releasing, discharging, abandoning (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from ut-√sṛj (to release, discharge) with present participle suffix -at

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'droṇa-śiṣyāṇām'

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, vehemently, repeatedly, excessively

(indeclinable)

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