महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-42, verse-19

धार्तराष्ट्रान्प्रतिययुरर्दयन्तः शितैः शरैः ।
वज्रैरिव महावेगैः शिखराणि धराभृताम् ॥१९॥

19. dhārtarāṣṭrānpratiyayurardayantaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
vajrairiva mahāvegaiḥ śikharāṇi dharābhṛtām.

19. dhārtarāṣṭrān pratiyayur ardayantaḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
vajraiḥ iva mahāvegaiḥ śikharāṇi dharābhṛtām

19. dhārtarāṣṭrān śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ardayantaḥ mahāvegaiḥ
vajraiḥ dharābhṛtām śikharāṇi iva pratiyayur

19. They attacked the sons of Dhritarashtra, harassing them with sharp arrows, just as thunderbolts of great force strike the peaks of mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Dhartarashtras

• प्रतिययुर् (pratiyayur) - they attacked (they went against, they attacked, they returned to)

• अर्दयन्तः (ardayantaḥ) - harassing, tormenting, afflicting

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with honed, with sharpened

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• वज्रैः (vajraiḥ) - with thunderbolts (with thunderbolts, with diamonds)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - with great speed, with great force, with mighty impulses

• शिखराणि (śikharāṇi) - peaks, summits, tops

• धराभृताम् (dharābhṛtām) - of mountains, of earth-supporters

Words meanings and morphology

धार्तराष्ट्रान् (dhārtarāṣṭrān) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Dhartarashtras

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, a Dhartarashtra

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra with the taddhita suffix -aṇ (patronymic)

प्रतिययुर् (pratiyayur) - they attacked (they went against, they attacked, they returned to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of prati-√i

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Sandhi with 'ardayantaḥ' implies 'pratiyayus' (visarga becomes -r before voiced consonant)

अर्दयन्तः (ardayantaḥ) - harassing, tormenting, afflicting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardayat

ardayat - harassing, tormenting, afflicting (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative of root √ard (to torment, harass) with present participle suffix -at

Root: ard (class 10)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (e.g., the Pandavas and their allies)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp, with honed, with sharpened

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, honed, sharpened, pointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śo (to sharpen) or √śi (to sharpen)

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'śaraiḥ'

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

वज्रैः (vajraiḥ) - with thunderbolts (with thunderbolts, with diamonds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt, diamond, club

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

महावेगैः (mahāvegaiḥ) - with great speed, with great force, with mighty impulses

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāvega

mahāvega - great speed, great force, mighty impulse

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vega)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse, current
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √vij (to move, to tremble)
  Root: vij (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vajraiḥ'

शिखराणि (śikharāṇi) - peaks, summits, tops

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śikhara

śikhara - peak, summit, top, crest, point

धराभृताम् (dharābhṛtām) - of mountains, of earth-supporters

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharābhṛt

dharābhṛt - mountain (lit. earth-bearer/supporter), king

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dharā+bhṛt)

• dharā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting (nominalized)
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective from root
  Derived from root √bhṛ (to bear, carry, support) with kṛt suffix -kvip
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)