महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-42, verse-28

उभयोः सेनयोस्तीव्रः सैन्यानां स समागमः ।
अन्तर्धीयत चादित्यः सैन्येन रजसावृतः ॥२८॥

28. ubhayoḥ senayostīvraḥ sainyānāṁ sa samāgamaḥ ,
antardhīyata cādityaḥ sainyena rajasāvṛtaḥ.

28. ubhayoḥ senayoḥ tīvraḥ sainyānām saḥ samāgamaḥ
| antardhīyata ca ādityaḥ sainyena rajasā āvṛtaḥ

28. ubhayoḥ senayoḥ sainyānām saḥ tīvraḥ samāgamaḥ
antardhīyata ca ādityaḥ sainyena rajasā āvṛtaḥ

28. That fierce clash of the troops from both armies occurred. And the sun became obscured, covered by the dust raised by the armies.

Words meanings summery:

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

• सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - of the armies

• तीव्रः (tīvraḥ) - intense, fierce, strong

• सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the soldiers, of the armies

• सः (saḥ) - that

• समागमः (samāgamaḥ) - meeting, encounter, clash

• अन्तर्धीयत (antardhīyata) - was obscured, disappeared

• च (ca) - and

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army/troops

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust

• आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped

Words meanings and morphology

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Modifies 'senayoḥ'.

सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - of the armies

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, dual of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Note: In relation to 'sainyānām'.

तीव्रः (tīvraḥ) - intense, fierce, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīvra

tīvra - sharp, hot, fierce, intense, violent

Note: Modifies 'samāgamaḥ'.

सैन्यानाम् (sainyānām) - of the soldiers, of the armies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sainya

sainya - belonging to an army, military; an army, a soldier

Note: Refers to the troops participating in the clash.

सः (saḥ) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'samāgamaḥ'.

समागमः (samāgamaḥ) - meeting, encounter, clash

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāgama

samāgama - coming together, meeting, junction, encounter

Derived from root √gam with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the first clause (implied verb).

अन्तर्धीयत (antardhīyata) - was obscured, disappeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of antardhā

Imperfect tense

Root √dhā with prefix antar- in passive voice

Prefix: antar

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Verb for 'ādityaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi

Note: Subject of 'antardhīyata'.

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army/troops

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sainya

sainya - belonging to an army, military; an army, a soldier

Note: Agent causing the dust.

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, passion, activity

Note: Means by which the sun was covered.

आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root √vṛ with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Describes 'ādityaḥ'.