महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-42, verse-29

प्रयुद्धानां प्रभग्नानां पुनरावर्ततामपि ।
नात्र स्वेषां परेषां वा विशेषः समजायत ॥२९॥

29. prayuddhānāṁ prabhagnānāṁ punarāvartatāmapi ,
nātra sveṣāṁ pareṣāṁ vā viśeṣaḥ samajāyata.

29. prayuddhānām prabhagnānām punarāvartatām api
| na atra sveṣām pareṣām vā viśeṣaḥ samajāyata

29. atra prayuddhānām prabhagnānām api punarāvartatām
na sveṣām vā pareṣām viśeṣaḥ samajāyata

29. In that situation, no distinction was discernible between one's own troops and the enemy's, whether they were fighting fiercely, breaking ranks, or even returning to the fray.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रयुद्धानाम् (prayuddhānām) - of those who fought well, of those who fought fiercely

• प्रभग्नानाम् (prabhagnānām) - of those who were broken, defeated, routed

• पुनरावर्तताम् (punarāvartatām) - of those returning again

• अपि (api) - even, also

• न (na) - not

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this situation

• स्वेषाम् (sveṣām) - of one's own (men)

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of the enemy

• वा (vā) - or

• विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction, difference

• समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, was produced, occurred

Words meanings and morphology

प्रयुद्धानाम् (prayuddhānām) - of those who fought well, of those who fought fiercely

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prayuddha

prayuddha - fought, engaged in battle, well-fought

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root √yudh with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to soldiers who fought.

प्रभग्नानाम् (prabhagnānām) - of those who were broken, defeated, routed

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, defeated, routed, fled

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root √bhañj with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Refers to soldiers who were routed.

पुनरावर्तताम् (punarāvartatām) - of those returning again

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of punarāvartat

punarāvartat - returning again, turning back

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root √vṛt with prefixes punar- and ā-

Prefixes: punar+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to soldiers who re-engaged.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the inclusivity of all categories.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'samajāyata'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this situation

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the battle situation.

स्वेषाम् (sveṣām) - of one's own (men)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self; one's own property/relatives

Note: Refers to own soldiers.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, of the enemy

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, alien, distant, supreme; an enemy

Note: Refers to enemy soldiers.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sveṣām' and 'pareṣām'.

विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - distinction, difference

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, peculiarity

Note: Subject of 'samajāyata'.

समजायत (samajāyata) - arose, was produced, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samajan

Imperfect tense

Root √jan with prefix sam- in middle voice

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Principal verb of the sentence.